Transcript Pearl Harbor

World War II
Pearl Harbor
The Home Front
Pearl Harbor
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
Pearl Harbor from the
Cockpit of a Japanese Plane
Pearl Harbor – Dec. 7,
1941
A date which will live in infamy!
FDR Signs the War
Declaration
USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor Memorial
Pearl Harbor
• 7:55 a.m. on Sunday, December 7, 1941
• Japanese launch surprise attack on U.S.
fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• 2,345 killed and most of the U.S. Pacific
fleet is destroyed or severely damaged
– 57 civilians also killed
Pearl Harbor
Human
Casualties
Killed
Wounded
Navy
1,998
710
Marine Corp
109
69
Army
233
364
Civilian
48
35
Ships
Aircraft
Sunk
12
Destroyed
164
Damaged
9
Damaged
159
Declaration of War
• December 8, 1941
• FDR asks Congress to
declare war on Japan
– “Dec 7, 1941 a date which
will live in infamy…”
• December 11, 1941
– Germany and Italy,
Japan’s allies, declare war
on the U.S.
– U.S. Congress responds
by declaring war on
Germany and Italy
Axis vs. Allies
• Allies
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Great Britain
France*
China*
Soviet Union
United States
• Axis
– Germany
– Italy
– Japan
The War Time Economy
• The War Production
Board
– Supervised the
conversion of
industries to war
production
• Auto Companies began
making trucks, jeeps,
and tanks
• Manufacturing ships,
airplanes, and other
war materials
Women Join the Workforce
• Millions of American
men joined the armed
forces
• Women took their
places in the
factories producing
the materials
necessary for the war
Rosie the Riveter
•Rosie the Riveter
was an imaged
used to encourage
women to
contribute to the
war effort by
working in the
factories
Military Service
• Selective Service Acts 1940 & 41
– More than 15 million Americans
joined the armed forces during the
war
• Women begin serving in large
numbers
– WACs: Women’s Army Corps
– WAVES: Women Appointed for
Volunteer Emergency Service
– Women did not fight in combat
• Performed clerical tasks
• Worked as nurses
• Flew aircraft from U.S. to overseas
bases
Paying for the War
• U.S. spent $320,000,000,000 on the war
• Most of the money was raised through taxes
• The government also borrowed money by selling
bonds
Sacrifices
• Rationing
– Consumers could only buy
limited numbers or amounts of
certain goods because they
were needed to support the
war effort
– The government issued ration
books to buy certain products
– Examples:
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•
•
•
Oil/Gas
Rubber
Tin
Meat
Sugar
butter
• Consumer goods were in short
supply because industry was
producing goods for the war
Ration Book
Victory Gardens
• Americans were
encouraged to help
the war effort by
planting vegetable
gardens and
growing their own
food
Recycling
African-American Contributions
• 1,000,000 African
Americans served in the
U.S. military during the
war
– Military units were
segregated
• The Tuskegee Airmen
– 332nd Fighter Group
– Shot down more than 200
enemy planes
– Dangerous missions
escorting American
bombers over Germany
Native Americans Contribution
• “The Code Talkers”
– Navajo tribe members who
used a special code based
on the Navajo language to
send messages in the
pacific theatre
– Japanese were never able
to break the code
Japanese Americans
• Many Japanese
Americans were
feared and hated
after Pearl Harbor
– People questioned
their loyalty and
feared they were
spies
• Nisei
– Japanese American
citizens born in the
United States
Internment Camps
• FDR ordered the army to
relocate more than
100,000 Japanese
Americans living on the
west coast to interment
camps in desert areas
– Feared a Japanese attack
on the western U.S.
• Many abandoned homes
and businesses
• Korematsu v. United
States
– The Supreme Court ruled
that government was
allowed to relocate
Japanese Americans
Propaganda
• Ideas or information designed and
spread to influence opinion
• The government used propaganda to
encourage Americans to support the war
against the axis powers
Review