Transcript Neoclassical Art

You need a piece of paper for
notes, and the handout from
the front of the room
Opener
1) What was the role of English Coffee houses
(“penny universities”) during the
Enlightenment?
2) Describe an Enlightenment philosophical
idea that inspired the French and American
Revolutions.
3) The Baroque era was represented by art
that focused on drama and emotion, while
the Enlightenment focused on what?
Neoclassical Art
If It’s Baroque, trash it
Neoclassical Era
1750-1825
• “New Classics”
• Moved away from the opulence and excess of the
Baroque style, in favor of the reserved sophistication
of classical art, depicting heroes that reflected the
desires of the French Revolution,
• The era will see the fall of Louis XVI, the French
Revolution, the crowning of Napoleon, and a newly
forming United States.
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Why the change?
• Ideas of The Enlightenment
– Reason over Emotion
• French and American Revolutions
• Newly discovered ruins from antiquity
– Excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum
shed new light on a classical civilization.
Antiquity
Rediscovered
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• As the ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum
were discovered, people were given a
window into a thriving Roman world.
• Connection to Democracy of Greece and Republic of
Rome.
• Artifacts were found that showed individuals exactly
what the style of antiquity looked like.
– A civilization frozen in time
• As you watch the following clip, answer the following
question:
– Politically, how might this have been an interesting
time for these archeological discoveries?
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mg0j7Uzsg0&feature=related
How did it change?
Neoclassical Characteristics
• Sharp outlines
• Deliberate composition (Geometric
Arrangements)
• Cool, but impactful, colors
• “Classical” subjects with moral implications
• Reason over Emotion – The leaders of the
Enlightenment distrusted emotion as a guide
to truth.
Sculpture
Bernini
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Donatello
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Canova
Michelangelo
• How are they different?
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• 1748-1825
• French painter and
political activist
• Studied in Rome
Jacques-Louis
David
– Influenced by the classical
style
• Highly influenced by the
ideas of the French
Revolution
– In life and art
• Political Flip-Flopper
– Aligned himself (and his
art) with whoever was in
power.
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Louis XVI
Revolution
Robespierre
Napoleon
• Use of Propaganda
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Jacques-Louis David’s
Artistic Characteristics
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Strong attention to detail
Clean lines
Muted, cool, colors
“Reserved” Drama
Depicted great men
– Heroes of Antiquity
– Political leaders of his time
• Saw art as a way to reeducate the people
• Use of powerful and skillful propaganda
Oath of Horatii
• Commissioned by Louis XVI
• References Enlightenment values while
alluding to Rousseau’s social contract
• Highlights the hopes of the French Revolution
– Brothers self sacrifice for
their country.
– Extolled classical virtues
of stoicism, masculinity
and patriotism
– Anti-Monarchy sentiment
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The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons
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Sacrifice family for country
Sharp scissors
Brutus’ twisted feet
Dark contrast in lighting between Brutus and his wife
Death of Marat
Who was he?
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• Political fanatic and
journalist of the
French Revolution
• Friend of David
• Used his influence to
condemn hundreds of
people to death
during the Reign of
Terror
• Suffered from a
terrible skin disease
which caused him to
itch horribly
• Murdered by
Charlotte Corday
Simon Schama’s
Power of Art
David
As you watch the following video,
answer the questions on the
overhead on the back of your
handout of Napoleon.
Death of Marat as Propaganda
-Historical•
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Skin
Head compress
Letter in hand
Desk
Bathtub
Knife
Wound
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Death of Marat as Propaganda
-Symbolism• Skin
• Letter in hand
• Letter and money on
desk
• Desk
• Bathtub
• Knife
• Background
• Quill pen
• Sheets = Shroud
• Positioning of body
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Michelangelo
Pieta
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Caravaggio
Entombment of Christ
David
Death of Marat
Jacques-Louis David’s
Napoleon
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• Depicts Emperor
Napoleon in his
study
• Is this painting
propaganda?
• What if I told you
that Napoleon
never actually
stood for this
painting?
What’s Really Going On?
1) You are going to read an article that
discusses Jacques-Louis David’s
portrait of Napoleon
2) You will then fill out your painting
guide, by identifying the symbolic
propaganda aspects of the work
…More Propaganda
Napoleon
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• Clock & Candles
• Disheveled appearance
• Uniform, Sword,
Campaign Maps
• Rolled papers- Code
Napoleon
• Books
• Soldier, Emperor and
Administrator
• Napoleon hired David to
be his court painter
because he could
produce powerful
propaganda
Just a simple painter?
• Jacques-Louis
David’s self-portrait
– Simple painter or
powerful political
figure?
• How is he using
propaganda here?
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Exit Slip
1) If you were going to explain it to
someone, how would you characterize
Neoclassical art?
2) Name two ways in which Marat is
depicted as Christ-like.