Transcript The Coming of War - Holy Spirit Catholic School

The Coming of War
Sectional strife and
Politics
Balance of Free and Slave States (1821)
Missouri
Compromise
• Missouri was
admitted to the
union as a slave
state, and Maine
was admitted as a
free state.
Original 13 States
Maine (1820)
Illinois (1818)
Indiana (1816)
Ohio (1803)
Missouri (1821)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Louisiana (1812)
Vermont (1791)
Rhode Island
New York
New Hampshire
Tennessee (1796)
Kentucky (1792)
Virginia
North Carolina
Massachusetts
Connecticut
South Carolina
Maryland
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Free States
Georgia
Delaware
Slave States
• Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase
south of the 36 , 30'N.
• Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri.
Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or
section rather than to the whole country.
Sectional Differences
The South vs North
Sectional Differences
• North
• Orig. settled for
religious purpose
(puritans)
• Factories and small
family farms with
livestock
• Social structure- more
educated and more or
less equal
• South
• Settled by farmers
and set up for trade
• Agrarian. Many huge
plantations with crops
• Slave based
aristocratic based
society
Southern Society (1850)
6,000,000
“Slavocracy”
[plantation owners]
The “Plain Folk”
[white yeoman farmers]
Black Freemen
250,000
Black Slaves
3,200,000
Total US Population  23,000,000
[9,250,000 in the South = 40%]
Southern Agriculture
Value of Cotton Exports
As % of All US Exports
Changes in Cotton Production
1820
1860
Slaves Picking Cotton
on a Mississippi Plantation
Slaves Using the Cotton Gin
Slaves Working
in a Sugar-Boiling House, 1823
Slave Auction Notice, 1823
Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856
Slave Accoutrements
Slave Master
Brands
Slave muzzle
Slave-Owning Population (1850)
Southern Pro-Slavery
Propaganda
Slave debate continues
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South vs. North
New land, same debate
Big Problem= Runaways
Constitutional Arguments
Should slavery expand west?
ART.4 SEC. 2
• Section 2 - State citizens, Extradition
• The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and
Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
• A Person charged in any State with treason, Felony, or other Crime,
who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on
demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled,
be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of
the Crime.
• (No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws
thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or
Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, But
shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or
Labour may be due.)
• (This clause in parentheses is superseded by the 13th
Amendment)
Compromise of 1850
I. California became a free state.
II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into two
parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM).
* people in UT and NM used popular sovereignty to decide
on the slavery issue
III. The slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.
IV. The Fugitive Slave Law was passed.
Runaway Slave Ads
Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
1852
 Sold 300,000 copies in
the first year.
 2 million in a decade!
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
New Parties
•Northern Whigs
•Free-Soilers
•Anti Slavery Democrats
The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]
•Nativists
•Anti-Immigrant
•Anti-Catholic
•And…
…listened to
Justin Biber!
1856 Presidential Election
I
Know
Nothing!
√ James Buchanan
Democrat
John C. Frémont
Millard Fillmore
Republican
Know- Nothing
1856
Election
Results
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate)
Debates, 1858
Do Now: Read the following quote by Abraham Lincoln.
“‘A house divided against itself cannot stand.’ I believe this
government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.
I do not expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect the
house to fall – but I do expect it will cease too be divided. It will
become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of
slavery will arrest the further spread of it…or its (supporters)
will push it forward till it shall become…lawful in all the states,
old as well as new, North as well as South.”
What point is Lincoln making about the future faced by the
United States?
John Brown’s Raid
on Harper’s Ferry, 1859
John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
Stephen A. Douglas
Northern Democrat
John Bell
Constitutional Union
1860
Presidential
Election
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860 Election Results
Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
AAUGH!