Transcript Brave New world

BRAVE NEW
WORLD
BY ALDOUS HUXLEY
INTRODUCTION TO PROPAGANDA
For the following six slides, respond to what you see on the screen by
discussing these questions in your table groups:
1.
2.
3.
What is your immediate reaction to the slide?
4.
5.
What is the point of this item?
6.
What truths about the subject matter at hand do the creators of this
piece not want the audience to think about? How do they distract the
audience from these truths?
Who do you think designed this item?
To whom do you think this item is directed? Who is the intended
audience?
Is it successful? Do you think it is/was successful with the intended
audience? Explain.
The “We Can Do IT!” poster, often
referred to as “Rosie the Riveter” is an
American wartime propaganda poster
produced in 1943 for WWII to boost and
inspire worker morale in a factory. The
poster was seen very little during World
War II and was rediscovered and widely
produced in the 1980s for promoting
feminism and other political issues.
The famous “Uncle Sam” poster
was created in 1917 and was
used to create soldiers for both
World War I and World War
II. This is widely considered the
“most famous poster in the
world”. More than four million
copies were printed between
1917-1918 for WWI.
This is a poster from 1918 by Lloyd
Harrison and was created for the US Food
Administration during World War I
“When you ride Alone, you
Ride with Hitler” is an antiNazi propaganda poster
created and widely
distributed poster by the US
government during WWII to
encourage carpooling
among American citizens to
conserve gasoline for the
war. Originally created in
1943.
This poster was produced by the
American Nurses Association in 1942
and used by the US Public Health
Service to increase enrollment in
nursing school during the wartime.
The slogan on the poster is an idiom
meaning “beware of unguarded talk”. The
phrase was originated on propaganda
posters and created by the War
Advertising Council. This poster was
created to advise servicemen and other
citizens to avoid careless talk concerning
secure information that could be useful to
the enemy.
PROPAGANDA AND THE VARIOUS
TYPES
“Propaganda is communication aimed at
influencing the attitude of a community toward
some cause or position.”
“Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to
shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and
direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers
the desired intent of the propagandist.”
WORD GAMES INCLUDE: NAME
CALLING AND SLOGAN
NAME CALLING
• The name calling
technique links a person,
or an idea, to a negative
symbol.
• The most obvious types of
name calling include bad
names. Ex: Commie,
Fascist, Pig, Yuppie, Bum,
Terrorist
SLOGAN
•
A brief striking phrase, that
may include labeling and
stereotyping.
•
Although slogans may be
enlisted to support reasoned
ideas, in practice they tend
to act as emotional appeals.
WORD GAMES: AD NAUSEAM AND
GLITTERING GENERALITIES
AD NAUSEAM
•
The use of tireless repetition
of an idea. An idea,
especially a simple slogan,
that is repeated enough
times, may begin to be taken
as the truth. This approach
works best when media
sources are limited and
controlled by the
propagator.
GLITTERING GENERALITIES
• Labels with positive
connotations such as
patriotic, beautiful, exciting
that are unsupported by
facts.
• Ex. “Ford has a better
idea” which was a
Presidential race slogan
WORD GAMES: EUPHEMISM
•
Words or phrases used to pacify an audience in order to make
an unpleasant reality more palatable.
•
Ex:
•
In the 1940s, American changed the name of the War
department to the Department of Defense.
•
Under the Reagan Administration, the MX-Missile was
renamed “The Peacekeeper.”
•
During war-time, civilian casualties are referred to as
“collateral damage.”
FALSE CONNECTIONS: TRANSFERENCE
AND BLACK-AND-WHITE
TRANSFERENCE
•
•
The propagandist links the
authority or prestige of
something well-respected
and revered, such as church
or nation, to something he
would have us accept.
Ex: political activist closes
her speech with a prayer.
BLACK-AND-WHITE
• Presenting only two
choices, with the product
or idea being propagated
as the better choice.
• Ex: “you are either with us,
or you are with the
enemy”
FALSE CONNECTION: DEMONIZING THE
ENEMY AND EUPHORIA
DEMONIZING THE ENEMY
• Making individuals from
the opposing nation, from
a different ethnic group,
or those who support the
opposing viewpoint
appear to be subhuman.
• Ex: “Please, take day off.”
EUPHORIA
• The use of an event that
generates euphoria or
happiness, or using an
appealing event to boost
morale.
• Euphoria can be created by
declaring a holiday, making
luxury items available, or
mounting a military parade with
marching bands and patriotic
messages.
FALSE CONNECTION: TESTIMONIAL AND
DISINFORMATION
DISINFORMATION
TESTIMONIAL
• An endorsement by a
famous person, an
authority, or an “expert”
with no valid qualifications
for endorsing the
promoted ideas or
products.
• Ex: Jessica Simpson
promoting ProActive
•
The creation or deletion of
information from public
records.
•
Making a false record of an
event or the actions of a
person or organization,
including outright forgery of
photographs, motion pictures,
broadcasts, and sound
recordings as well as printed
documents.
SPECIAL APPEALS: COMMON MAN/PLAIN
FOLKS AND BANDWAGON
COMMON MAN/PLAIN FOLKS
• Implies that “users of this
product are just like you”
or the use of the language
of the intended audience.
• Ex: Bill Clinton &
McDonalds
BANDWAGON
• Implies that “everyone
else is doing it.”
• Ex: “Four out of five
people use this
toothpaste!”
SPECIAL APPEALS: APPEAL TO FEAR
AND SNOB APPEAL
APPEAL TO FEAR
•
•
Seeks to build support by
instilling anxieties and panic
in the general population.
Ex: A public service
announcement shows a crash
dummy flying through a car
window. A voice over
instructs “Buckle up.”
SNOB APPEAL
• The implication that only
the richest, smartest, most
beautiful, or most
important people are
doing it.
• Ex: Diamond Ads
ACTIVITY #2 – CREATING A SOMA AD
• By now, you understand that soma is an integral part of the society in
this new world order. The relationship of this drug to the members of
this society is not only accepted, but also encouraged to promote
happiness. Even the words to the song the couples hear as they dance
indicate its importance: “Bottle of mine, it’s you I’ve always wanted!”
• Design a magazine advertisement promoting soma in your groups.
Your advertisement should include a catchy slogan and a unique logo
for the product, as well as AT LEAST ONE propaganda technique
discussed today. Your finished ad should tout the benefits of soma
and be written in the style of the World State. Your group will
present the add and explain how you used the propaganda
technique.
SOCRATIC SEMINAR QUESTIONS
Tomorrow we will be having a Socratic Seminar on the first 11
chapters of Brave New World.
Create 2 questions for the seminar discussion using your
reference sheet on how to create different types of seminar
questions. Aim to create “open-ended” questions that will allow
for deeper discussion of the novel.
DUE NOW/HOMEWORK:
• Due Now: Activity #1 – Propaganda lecture notes,
Activity #2 – Group Soma ad
• Homework: Seminar Questions, Read Chapters 9-11, and
continue to fill out your character chart when applicable.