Transcript File

Guide to Reading
Main Idea
The British government’s actions after winning
the French and Indian War angered American
colonists.
Key Terms
• revenue
• boycott
• writs of
assistance
• nonimportation
• resolution
• repeal
• effigy
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Guide to Reading (cont.)
Reading Strategy
Classifying Information British actions created
colonial unrest. As you read Section 1, re-create the
diagram on page 132 of your textbook and describe
why the colonists disliked these policies.
Read to Learn
• why the British faced problems in North
America after the French and Indian War.
• why the American colonists objected to new
British laws.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Guide to Reading (cont.)
Section Theme
Civic Rights and Responsibilities The American
colonists believed that new British laws denied their
civic rights.
St. Edward’s crown, worn by George III
Click the Speaker button
to replay the audio.
Relations With Britain
• A feeling of distrust between the colonists
and Britain grew due to:
- British soldiers stationed in the colonies and on
the frontier
- the Proclamation of 1763
- the passing of trade laws and the Sugar Act
• Colonists feared that British soldiers might
interfere with their liberties, and they saw
the proclamation as limiting their freedom.
(pages 132–134)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Relations With Britain (cont.)
• George Grenville, the British finance
minister, began to watch colonial trading
more closely in order to catch colonists
who were involved in smuggling.
• In 1767, customs officials were able to
obtain writs of assistance to search
homes and warehouses for smuggled
goods. Colonists were outraged by this
intrusion without warning.
(pages 132–134)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Relations With Britain (cont.)
• Parliament passed the Sugar Act in 1764
to stop the molasses smuggling between
the colonies and the French West Indies.
- The act lowered the tax on imported molasses.
- The British hoped that by lowering the tax, the
colonists would be encouraged to pay the duty
on foreign molasses. When Britain collected the
taxes, its revenues would increase.
- The Sugar Act also allowed special courts that
had judges, not juries, to hear smuggling cases.
The colonists were outraged again because this
took away their basic right of trial by jury.
(pages 132–134)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Sugar Act (1764) – Taxed foreign
molasses & sugar. Col. refuse to pay.
Relations With Britain (cont.)
As a colonist would you have been upset
with the laws that Britain passed?
(pages 132–134)
The Stamp Act
• The Stamp Act taxed almost all printed
materials in the colonies.
• Colonists opposed the act because
Parliament had taxed the colonists
directly, and it had passed the act without
their consent.
• The British further angered American
colonists with the Quartering Act, which
required the colonies to provide barracks
and supplies to British troops.
(page 134)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Quartering Act (1765) – Col. must pay
for housing & food (quartering) of Brit.
soldiers in their area.
The Stamp Act (cont.)
• Colonists began organized protests.
- In Virginia, Patrick Henry, although accused of
treason by his opponents, persuaded the
burgesses to take action against the Stamp Act.
They passed a resolution saying that they had
the “sole exclusive right” to tax their citizens.
- The Sons of Liberty, originally organized in
Boston by Samuel Adams, protested by burning
effigies, raiding and destroying houses of
British officials, and marching along the streets
to protest Britain’s taxing of Americans.
(page 134)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
The Stamp Act (cont.)
- Boycotts against importing British and
European goods occurred. Nonimportation
agreements signed by merchants, artisans,
and farmers hurt British merchants.
• In October, the Stamp Act Congress
petitioned the king and Parliament saying
that only their own assemblies could tax
the colonies. In March 1766, Parliament
repealed the Stamp Act.
(page 134)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
The Stamp Act (cont.)
• Parliament passed another act, the
Declaratory Act of 1766, on the same
day it repealed the Stamp Act. The act
allowed Parliament the right to tax and to
make decisions for the British colonies
“in all cases.”
(page 134)
The Stamp Act (cont.)
Why did the British Parliament pass the
Declaratory Act of 1766?
Britain wanted to maintain control of its
colonies, and it also did not want to give
up the revenue that it received from the
colonies.
(page 134)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
New Taxes
• Parliament passed the Townshend Acts in
1767, which taxed imported goods at the
port of entry.
• It taxed basic items such as glass, tea,
paper, and lead–items that the colonists did
not produce and therefore had to import.
• Another boycott occurred in hopes of
showing Britain that only the colonies’
representatives had the right to tax them.
• The Daughters of Liberty, an active group in
the protest, urged Americans to wear
homemade fabrics and produce other
goods so as not to buy British products.(page 135)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Townshend Acts
Import taxes on paint, glass, lead,
paper, & tea coming into America
Townshend
Acts
Also allows officials to obtain
“writs of assistance” – Blank search
warrants to find smuggled goods.
• Americans didn’t vote
in Brit. elections.
• “No taxation w/o
representation”
New Taxes (cont.)
What were the effects of the Townshend
Acts of 1767?
Colonists were outraged that Britain
was taxing them. An effective boycott
against British goods took place as
Americans began to use products that
they produced.
(page 135)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__
E 1. to refuse to buy items from a
particular country
__
B 2. legal documents that enabled
officers to search homes and
warehouses for goods that
might be smuggled
__
C 3. a formal expression of opinion
__
A 4. incoming money
__
D 5. rag figure representing an
unpopular individual
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answers.
A. revenue
B. writs of
assistance
C. resolution
D. effigy
E. boycott
Checking for Understanding
Reviewing Facts State two reasons for the
deterioration of relations between the British
and the colonists.
Possible answers: Colonists felt the
Proclamation of 1763 restricted freedom, did
not want to pay for the French and Indian
War, did not believe in taxation without
representation, and were alarmed by British
troops stationed in the colonies.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Reviewing Themes
Civic Rights and Responsibilities
Why did the colonists think the writs
of assistance violated their rights?
Colonists were horrified that government
officials could enter their homes without
warning.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Critical Thinking
Identifying Central Issues Why did
British policies following the French and
Indian War lead to increased tensions with
American colonists?
Colonists thought British policies would
curtail their freedoms and were angered by
Britain’s series of taxes.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Analyzing Visuals
Geography Skills Review the map on
page 133 of your textbook. The
Proclamation of 1763 banned colonists
from settling west of the Appalachian
Mountains. Why did the British government
want to halt western movement?
Western movement was halted to minimize
conflict with Native American groups.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Persuasive Writing Write a letter to the editor
of a colonial newspaper in which you attempt to
persuade fellow colonists to boycott British
goods. Use standard grammar, spelling,
sentence structure, and punctuation.
Guide to Reading
Main Idea
As tensions between colonists and the British
government increased, protests grew stronger.
Key Terms
• propaganda
• committee of
correspondence
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Guide to Reading (cont.)
Reading Strategy
Organizing Information As you read this section,
re-create the diagram shown on page 136 of your
textbook and describe how the Intolerable Acts
changed life for colonists.
Read to Learn
• why Boston colonists and British soldiers
clashed, resulting in the Boston Massacre.
• how the British government tried to maintain its
control over the colonies.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Guide to Reading (cont.)
Section Theme
Groups and Institutions Colonists banded together
to protest British laws.
American protest banner
Click the Speaker button
to replay the audio.
Trouble in Boston
• Parliament sent two regiments of troops
(often referred to as redcoats) to Boston.
• They set up camp in the heart of the city.
• These soldiers were in some cases rude
and violent toward the colonists.
• Because Boston resented the presence of
the soldiers, fighting broke out between
the redcoats and Bostonians and
continued throughout the next year.
(pages 136–137)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Trouble in Boston (cont.)
• The Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770,
was a result of the heated tension between
the redcoats and the Bostonians.
• Townspeople wielding weapons marched
through the streets toward the
customhouse.
• The redcoats fired, killing five colonists.
• Among the dead was Crispus Attucks, an
African American dockworker.
(pages 136–137)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Boston
Massacre
Boston – Many riots. Center of
dissention.
Sammuel Adams – Outspoken patriot
Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770) –
Boston youths &dockworkers start
insulting & throwing snowballs at
British soldiers.
Trouble in Boston (cont.)
• The Boston Massacre led colonists to call
for stronger boycotts of British goods.
• Colonial leaders used the killings as
propaganda against the British.
• Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts
except the tax on tea.
(pages 136–137)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Trouble in Boston (cont.)
• Some colonial leaders still called for
resistance to British rule.
• In 1772 Samuel Adams revived the
committee of correspondence in Boston to
circulate colonists’ grievances against
Britain.
• Other colonies began committees of
correspondence that brought together
protesters opposed to British measures.
(pages 136–137)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Trouble in Boston (cont.)
Why did Britain repeal the
Townshend Acts?
Britain hoped that repealing these acts
would encourage the colonists to again
trade with Britain. This increased trade
would bring in more revenue for Britain.
(pages 136–137)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
A Crisis Over Tea
• Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773 to
save the British East India Company from
going under.
• This act gave the East India Company a
favorable advantage over colonial
merchants because it was able to ship its
extra tea to the colonies without paying
most of the tea taxes.
(pages 138–139)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
A Crisis Over Tea (cont.)
• Because its tea was sold directly to the
shopkeepers at a low price and bypassed
colonial merchants, the tea from the East
India Company was cheaper than any
other tea.
• The colonists again boycotted British
goods to denounce the British monopoly.
(pages 138–139)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
A Crisis Over Tea (cont.)
• The Daughters of Liberty marched through
town and burned the East India
Company’s tea.
• Colonists in Boston and Philadelphia
planned to stop the company’s ships from
unloading.
• In all colonial ports except Boston,
colonists forced the company’s ships to
return to Britain.
(pages 138–139)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Boston Tea Party
(Fall 1773) – Sons of
Liberty (disguised as
Mohawk Indians) slip
on Brit. ship dump 300
kegs of tea into water.
A Crisis Over Tea (cont.)
• In Boston Harbor in December 1773, the
royal governor ordered the tea unloaded.
• At midnight on December 16, the Boston
Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawks
boarded the ships and threw 342 chests
of tea overboard.
• This became known as the Boston
Tea Party.
• The king and Parliament vowed to punish
Boston and the people of Massachusetts
for using the Boston Tea Party to resist
British rule.
(pages 138–139)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
A Crisis Over Tea (cont.)
• They passed the Coercive Acts.
• These acts closed Boston Harbor until the
colonists paid for the ruined tea.
• Closing the harbor prevented Bostonians
from receiving food and other supplies.
• The laws also banned town meetings and
forced Bostonians to house British
soldiers in their homes.
• The colonists renamed these acts the
Intolerable Acts.
(pages 138–139)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
British troops can be
quartered in any town, even
private homes.
Colonists call the Coercive Act the
“Intolerable Acts.”
A Crisis Over Tea (cont.)
How did the Boston Tea Party challenge
British rule?
Colonists defied the order to unload the
tea by throwing it overboard so that it
could not be unloaded.
(pages 138–139)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__
A 1. ideas or information
designed and spread to
influence opinion
__
B 2. an organization that spread
political ideas through the
colonies
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answers.
A. propaganda
B. committee of
correspondence
Checking for Understanding
Reviewing Facts How did colonial
leaders use the Boston Massacre to their
advantage?
The event was used as propaganda to drum
up support against the British.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Reviewing Themes
Groups and Institutions Why were the
committees of correspondence powerful
organizations?
They spread political ideas and united
opposition to British rule.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Critical Thinking
Drawing Conclusions Do you think the
Boston Tea Party was a turning point in the
relationship between the British and the
colonists? Explain.
Possible answer: It was the most
dramatic act of defiance by the colonists
up until that time.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Analyzing Visuals
Picturing History Examine the material
about the Boston Tea Party on page 138 of
your textbook. What artifacts are shown?
When did the “tea party” take place?
A chest and glass container of tea are
shown. The “tea party” took place on
December 16, 1773.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Art Draw a cartoon strip showing the story of
the Boston Tea Party. Use at least four
cartoon frames to present the sequence of
events from your point of view. Compare your
cartoon to a classmate’s and describe his or
her point of view.