Transcript Diapositiva 1

4- Home in Diverse Natural Environments.
- Regions and Buildings.
- Clues for a Comfortable Dwelling.
- A Traditional House on the Balearic Islands.
- A traditional House in Scotland.
- The Climates in the Tropics.
- The Rainforest. Building in the Humid Tropics.
- The Desert and the Savannah. - Building in Dry and Hot Regions.
- Altitude; Another Climatic Factor.
- Climate Change and Global Warming.
- Evaluation: Dwellings and Cities in Different Environments.
- Research paper: A World Full of Architectonic Treasures.
- Project Work.
Anselm Pagès Muñoz
Regions and Buildings.
A
B
1
Catalonia
Iceland
2
3
4
C
Morocco
D Vietnam
Identify the characteristics of a traditional house in a geographical region.
Clues for a Comfortable House.
The comfort of dwellings depend on their location and on their construction.
The roofs
good orientation
accessibility to water and food
Walls
Windows and wall openings
1- The functional and residential requirements of a house are first of all
determined by ________________________.
2- Giving a _______________________ to a building can help to control
the effects of sun, wind and rainfall.
3- ______________________ should have different inclinations if they are
in dry or rainy regions
4- ____________________________let natural light into the house, but
they do not help to retain heat inside the house.
5- _______________________can be made of different materials and
thicknesses.
A Traditional House on the Balearic Islands.
Complete the text using:
poor rainfall
relatively flat roofs
the dry and hot
fierce sunlight
In the Southern Mediterranean
countries, houses have ___________
and white washed walls.
The ______________ explain
the need to include water pipes that
collect the water in tanks. This has
proved to be essential during
___________ Summer months. The
inclusion of thick walls and porches
preserves the house from the
_______________and at the same
time helps ventilation at night.
WATER TANK
Drawing: Revista Descobrir 1998
A Traditional House in Scotland.
Complete the text using these expressions:
warm thatched roofs cool
heat thick
In this Northern European country, there are
frequent rains and low temperatures. Scotish
houses used to have low ceilings with
__________ and _________ walls so as to
preserve the __________. Thatch is an ideal
roofing material; __________ in Summer and
_________ in Winter.
chimney
thatch
Central fire
The Climates in the Tropics.
The environment conditions in the tropics fall into 2 broad
categories that can be in sharp contrast; the impenetrable
rainforest versus the openness of the savannah.
The tropic Cancer
The sun is directly overhead
on the 22 June.
The
Equator
The tropic Capricorn
The sun is directly overhead on the 23
December.
The Rainforest.
Complete using these words : little storms on the Equator bamboo
The warm, humid regions and tropical rainforests, monsoon regions and humid
savannahs are ________________. The rainforest is hot and humid with
__________ yearly differences. The regions in the Southern hemisphere have
_________ 120-140 days of the year. These conditions make life for people
difficult to tolerate. The vegetation is impenetrable with wet ground, men need
to clear the forest so as to build their settlements. The traditional materials for
building in these regions are timber, ___________ and grass or palm fibres.
Building in the Humid Tropics.
A home in the humid tropics
must be protected from heat,
strong solar radiation, high
levels of humidity, torrential
rainfall and floods.
Houses are mostly made of
____, bamboo and palm tree.
These materials are collected
and treated in the same
location or nearby. Traditional
buildings are open and have
well ventilated spaces to favour
dryness. They have a_______
made of leaves and fibres and
____________Their main floor
is elevated so as to avoid
humidity.
roof
thin walls
wood
marshlands
Lake Inde. Myanmar
Villages and homes can be built in any
clearing of the woodland or even on
____________ following a scattered
pattern
The Desert and the Savannah.
Complete using these words :
low thorny woods
to the two tropics
extreme
Clay and stone
The savannah regions have two seasons. The climate can be either hot
and dry or warm and humid. These seasons vary from the Northern to
the Southern hemisphere. Deserts, semi-deserts, steppes and dry
savannahs are close _________________________. These regions are
characterized by high pressure level, strong solar radiation, dryness,
low precipitation, strong winds that cause sand storms and
___________ temperature differences between
night and day. The fertile ground is scarce and there is practically no
vegetation; mainly high grass and _________________________ with
individual trees. _________________ are traditional building materials.
They have good thermal insolating qualities. Timber is not easily
available and must often be transported from other regions.
Building in Dry and Hot Regions.
Complete the text with these expressions:
Clay and stone
flat
Picture source http://worldatlas.com/
temperatures
clusters and complex villages narrow crops
Towns and villages in dry savannahs favour
building in (1)_______________________
that are sometimes erected in huge open
territories. High temperatures and wind storms
need to be countered with thick walls and
(2)___________ streets so as to avoid sun exposure
and high dryness. Roofs are almost (3) __________
and often have means to collect rain water in
tanks below. (4)_____________________________
provide proper insulation in lands where
(5)______________________________can change
dramatically from day to night. Homes tend to
be located in the most fertile lands to preserve
(6)________________________________.
Sana. Yemen
Altitude: Another Climatic Factor.
Despite having a similar proximity to the Tropic, some regions share
very diverse climates in relatively small areas. Peru has regions that
provide us with an example of this dramatic climate diversity:
Look at the pictures and decide where they belong to.
A- Next to the ocean
coast the climate is
temperate with very
scarce rains.
B- As we climb up the
Andes and cross
2
mountain passes
over 4000 metres
high, the rains are
more frequent and it
is colder.
C- Once we have
crossed the Andes
and the high plateau,
we descend into the
hot and rainy
Amazon rainforest.
1
a
b
3
c
Climate Change and Global Warming.
What is the main cause of Global Warming?
Global warming comes as a result of the rapid increase of CO2 in the atmosphere.
What consequences can this phenomenon cause?
1- The Arctic Ocean could be ice free in summer by 2050. Global sea levels could rise by
more than 20 feet with the loss of shelf ice in Greenland and Antarctica, devastating coastal
areas worldwide.
2- The number of Category 4 and 5 hurricanes has almost doubled in the last 30 years. Heat
waves will be more frequent and more intense. Droughts and wildfires will occur more often.
Malaria has spread to higher altitudes in places like the Colombian Andes, 7,000 feet
above sea level.
Can you name one of the most recent climate disasters?
Torrential rains in China, hurricanes in Japan and in the Caribbean (Katrina. New Orleans)
ACTIVITY:
As a result of global warming, traditional constructions in ordinary locations may no longer
be suitable.
a- Decide a city where you would build a durable house. Locate it in a map.
b- What will it be like? Materials, structure, appearance
c- What sources of energy will it use?
DVD. An Inconvenient Truth. By Al Gore. www.climatechange.net
http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/climate_change/problems/cause/coal/dirty_30/index.cfm
Constructions in Different Environments.
1- Flat roofs and adobe walls.
2- Thatched roofs with palm leaves and
bamboo.
3– Wooden floors and walls with slate roofs.
4- Stone walls and tile roofs with wall openings.
A
B
C
D
Environments for Different Constructions.
1– Hot, dry, desert area with very scarce rains and extreme
temperature changes.
2– Temperate area with some rains in the Spring and Autumn.
3- Cold region with frequent rains and snow.
4- Hot and rainy region with slight temperature differences
throughout the year.
B
A
C
D
Regions and Cities.
A- In a hot, deserted or semi
deserted region.
B- In a temperate climate region.
C- In a cold region.
1
2
3
Research paper: A World Full of Architectonic Treasures.
Find out about these exceptional villages. Some of them have
heritage awards from the United Nations.
Lunenburg.
Vlkolinec.
Safranbolu.
Bam.
Patan.
Antigua.
Essauira.
Vigan.
Lamu.
Project work: Get the picture of a favourite building and tell us about its
different environmental characteristics.
- Where is it?
- What is the climate like?
- Are there big differences throughout the year?
- What kind of roofs does it have? Pitched roofs? Flat roofs?
- What insulating materials are there on the roofs and façades?
- Are they suitable for the location?
- In what direction is it oriented? North, Northwest? …
- Is there a reason that explains this orientation? The urban plan,
the sun orientation, (…)
- Is it easy to distinguish in its location? ……………………..
- What colour is it? ………………………….
- Are there any other houses like this one nearby; in your town, region, country?
- Has it got common shapes and decorative motifs from the region?
- Is it protected in any way from sun, wind or rain?
- Is it environmentally well adapted to the climate?
- Have any modern devices been incorporated into the building to protect it from
noise or cold temperatures?
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Project Work 2: What are the environmental characteristics of your town or city?
Take photos, bring a map and locate it in its region.
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Use the following ideas to prepare a power-point presentation.
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How big is your city?
What is city’s surrounding like? Is it by the sea?
Are there mountains around?
Has the city a river or a lake?
Does it follow a concentrated or a scattered model of growth?
What is the average height of the buildings?
Has the city a historical area?
What are the main districts and activities?
Is there a commercial area? A leisure centre? An industrial area?
Is it mainly an old or a new city?
Are the old houses well preserved?
Are there any high-rises?
Are the streets straight or curved?
Are there gardens and parks?
What is its environment like; urban or rural?
Are there many trees? Are they of various kinds?
Are there any public transport facilities?
What are the particular characteristics of the area where your house is located?