Transcript working group 1 - United Nations Statistics Division

UNITED NATIONS EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON
REVISING THE PRINCIPLES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUSES
NEW YORK, 29 APRIL- 2 MAY 2014
SESSION 2
REPORTS OF THE CHAIRS OF THE
WORKING GROUPS
WORKING GROUP 1:
POPULATION AND HOUSING TOPICS
IAN WHITE
UNITED KINGDOM
POPULATION TOPICS
Sub-Group Chair: Andrew Mukulu
Population count – Eurostat
Geographical characteristics (including place
of work) - United Kingdom
3 Internal migration – Canada
4 International migration – UNPD
5 Household and family characteristics (plus
Age and sex of head of household) – Uganda
6 Demographic and social characteristics Jamaica
7 Fertility and mortality – UNPD
8 Educational characteristics – UNESCO
9 Economic characteristics – ILO
10 Disability – Washington Group
11 Agriculture – FAO
1
2
Key changes to Population Topics
Population count
New paragraph 2.17a on population count
“The ‘population count’ or ‘population base’ is the population used for the
compilation of aggregated data for statistical purposes. This may be a subset from
or the whole of the population to be enumerated. A country may have one or more
population bases, all derived from the enumerated population, among which
should always be included the population base used for international comparisons
purposes.”
New recommendation at paragraph 2.21 on population count
“…. for regional comparison purposes, the population count based on the concept
of usual residence should always be produced.”
New recommendation at paragraph 2.32 on usual resident population count
“….. countries may choose to adopt different period of residence qualifications
(such as six months) for assigning usual residency status to sub-national areas
within the country.”
New paragraph 2.37a on usual resident population count
“There are population groups for which some uncertainty may arise in defining their place of usual residence within the
country. The recommended conventional treatment of these cases is as follows:
New category of ‘Difficult to enumerate groups’ at pararagraph 2.41
“Homeless or roofless persons, nomads, vagrants and persons with no concept of usual residence. These should be
included in the population count, and the census office should work with local government agencies, charities, hostels and
other supporting bodies that provide support for this population group to identify the best method of collecting census
information from these people.”
Key changes to Population Topics
Migration
New definition at paragraph 2.57 (Place of birth)
“For the purposes of measuring internal migration, migrants are defined as those
persons who usually are residing in a civil division of the country at the time of the
census, but were previously resident outside that division. That is, movements
within the civil division should not be regarded as being migratory.”
New recommendation at paragraph 2.60b (Place of birth)
“Information on whether or not a person is “born in the country” captures the
population according to the boundaries at the time of the census. Using the
“born in country” concept would account for individuals who may have been
affected by changes to a countries boundary.”
New definition at paragraph 2.93 (Country of birth)
The concept of county of birth usually refers to the country where the mother of
the individual resided at the time of the person’s birth. In some countries, however,
country of birth is defined as the country in which the birth actually took place
Either concept can be used depending on the information needs of the country;
each country should explain which definition it used in the census. It should be
noted that the country of birth of a person is not necessarily the same as his or her
country of citizenship, which is a separate census topic dealt with below
.
New recommendation at paragraph 2.99 (Country of citizenship)
“…..it may be more practicable for tabulations by citizenship to refer to one citizenship only. Thus, persons with dual
citizenship should be allocated to a single ‘prime’ citizenship using some form of algorithm, for example by giving precedence
to the citizenship of the ‘home’ country.”
New recommendation at para 2.100 (Acquisition of citizenship)
In addition to collecting information on citizenship, for countries where the population includes a significant proportion of
naturalized citizens it may be important to collect information on the method of acquisition of citizenship so as to enable the
classification of the population into (a) citizens by birth, (b) citizens by naturalization whether by declaration, option, marriage
or other means, and (c) citizens of another country. In such countries it may also be useful to ask questions on previous
citizenship and year of naturalization.
Key changes to Population Topics
Household and family characteristics
New recommendation at paragraph 2.119a on relationship to household
reference person
“The selection of the one reference person in a household to whom all other
persons in the household report, or designate, their relationship requires
careful consideration. In the past the person considered to be the 'head of the
household’ was generally used as the reference person, but this concept is no
longer considered appropriate in many countries of the region. It has also
sometimes been proposed that the person designated as the reference person
should be the oldest person in the household or the one who contributes the
most income. However, given that the primary purpose of the question is to
assign family status and to assign individuals into families, both of these
approaches have weaknesses. The automatic selection of the oldest person
may be undesirable because in multi-generational households many explicit
kin relationships can be reported where the reference person is selected from
the middle generation. Similarly, the selection of the person with the highest
income may be a person who will not solicit the broadest range of explicit kin
relationships. Given below is some guidance on the selection of the reference
person, which will yield some explicit kin relationships:
(a) Either the husband or the wife of a married couple living in the household (preferably from the middle generation in a
multi-generational household);
(b) Either partner of a consensual union couple living in the household where there is no married couple present;
(c) The parent, where one parent lives with his or her sons or daughters of any age; or
(d) Where none of the above conditions apply, any adult member of the household may be selected.
Note that these categories are neither comprehensive nor mutually exclusive.”
Key changes to Population Topics
Demographic and social characteristics
New recommendation at paragraph 2.146 on marital status
“In countries with legal provision for registered/legal partnership (for opposite-sex couples
and/or same-sex couples) or where same-sex couples can legally marry, sub-categories may
either be included in the category (b) Married or in a legally registered partnership, namely
(b)(i) ‘Opposite-sex marriage/partnership’,
(b)(ii) ‘Same-sex marriage/partnership’.”
Proposed general introduction for the ethno-cultural characteristics of religion , language and
ethnicity
“Countries with a culturally diverse population may wish to collect information on the ethnic
identity (or composition) of the population, on mother tongue, the knowledge and practice of
languages as well as on religious communities and denominations. They are all
characteristics which allow people the flexibility to express their ethno-cultural identity in the
way that they choose. Data on such ethno-cultural characteristics of the population are of
increasing relevance to countries in the context of migration, integration and minority policies.
Ethno-cultural characteristics have generally a subjective dimension as there is often no
common understanding as to what ‘characteristic’ or ‘concept’ is really being measured in a
particular census. Moreover, different countries will adopt different concepts. The ethnocultural characteristics can also be politically sensitive and may apply to very small, yet
identifiable population sub-groups. The free and open declaration of the respondents is
therefore of essential importance. Members of certain minority groups may be particularly
vulnerable to discrimination on the grounds of ethnic group or religion. Special care,
therefore, may be required in census procedures and outputs relating to ethnic group and
religion in order to demonstrate to respondents that appropriate data protection and
disclosure control measures are in place. In some cases, countries may even wish to collect
such data on a voluntary basis if this is permitted by national legislation.”
Key changes to Population Topics
Educational characteristics
New ISCED field of education and training classification recommended (paragraph 2.225)
00
Generic programmes and qualifications
001
002
003
Basic programmes and qualifications
Literacy and numeracy
Personal skills and development
01
02
Education
Arts and humanities
021
022
023
Arts
Humanities (except languages)
Languages
03
Social sciences, journalism and information
031
032
Social and behavioural sciences
Journalism and information
04
Business, administration and law
041
042
Business and administration
Law
05
Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics
051
052
053
054
Biological and related sciences
Environment
Physical sciences
Mathematics and statistics
06
07
Information and Communication Technologies
Engineering, manufacturing and construction
071
072
073
Engineering and engineering trades
Manufacturing and processing
Architecture and construction
08
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary
081
082
083
084
Agriculture
Forestry
Fisheries
Veterinary
09
Health and welfare
091
092
Health
Welfare
10
Services
101
102
103
104
Personal services
Hygiene and occupational health services
Security services
Transport services
99
Unknown
Key changes to Population Topics
Economic characteristics
Major changes to concepts and terminology recommended by ILO at paragraph 2.231-2.334
covering:
New terms and concepts proposed
Old terms and concepts to be dropped
Work*
Labour force status
Persons in employment
Persons in unemployment
Participation in forms of work other
than employment
Economic activity
Current activity status, usual activity status
Employed persons
Unemployed persons
*New recommendation (paragraph 2.240)
2.240. The conceptual framework for work statistics identifies five mutually exclusive forms of work
for separate measurement. These forms of work are distinguished on the basis of the intended
destination of the production (for own final use; or for use by others, i.e. other economic units) and
the nature of the transaction (i.e. monetary or non-monetary transactions, and transfers), as follows:
(a) own-use production work comprising production of goods and services for own final use;
(b) employment work comprising work performed in exchange for pay or profit;
(c) unpaid trainee work comprising work performed for others without pay to acquire workplace
experience or skills;
(d) volunteer work comprising non-compulsory work performed for others without pay;
(e) other work activities including unpaid compulsory work performed for others such as community
service and work by prisoners, when ordered by a court or similar authority, and unpaid military or
alternative civilian service.
HOUSING TOPICS
Sub-group Chair: Arona Pistiner
1 Type of living quarters, location, occupancy
status, ownership, rooms, bedrooms, floor
space – Egypt
2 Housing amenities - UNECA
3 Use of housing unit, multi-occupancy,
occupants – United Kingdom
4 Characteristics of buildings - Canada
5 Tenure, building type, state of repair – UK
6 Furnished/unfurnished accommodation,
rental and housing costs, availability of ITC
devices, cars and durable goods, available
outdoor space - Tajikistan
7 Occupancy status/Seasonal and secondary
housing – Mexico
8 Position in building and accessibility to
dwelling – USA
Key changes to Housing Topics
Occupants and Buildings
New recommendation at paragraph 2.510a (number of occupants)
“Depending on their national requirements for information, some countries
may wish to distinguish between those occupants that are usually
resident and those that are not usually resident in the living quarters
for the purposes of better understanding the housing conditions and
living arrangements of non-residents.”
Addition to definition of a ‘building’ at paragraph 2.511a
“In defining a ‘building’, particular care should be given to differentiating
this from ‘type of living quarter’ (see paragraph 2.412). Type of living
quarter refers to structures that are designed for residential habitation
or are being used for residential habitation. A building could be a number
of living quarters, a commercial premises, not meant, or being used, for
habitation, or a mix of the two.”
New recommendation at paragraph 2.521 (period of construction)
“…. the response ranges could be equal to intervals from one census
to the next, such as ten or five year age groupings depending on the
frequency of census collection. This allows for comparisons acrosst he
same periods and across censuses. Narrow periods of construction
are most important in the first few decades of a dwelling when it is
undergoing changes, such as foundation setting, or when defects in
dwelling systems ,such as electrical or plumbing, reveal themselves. Then
afterwards, the ranges could widen, but should be as homogeneous as
possible to allow for cohort analysis.”
Key changes to Housing Topics
Occupancy status: Seasonal housing
New recommendation at Annex A
2.464c. An uninhabited conventional dwelling is one that at the time of census is
habitable in that it is neither in ruins or under construction, nor being used solely
for economic activity, and there are no usual residents in it at the time of the
census. From subset of uninhabited dwellings it is necessary to sub-classify
them according to the use of housing unit as determined by owner or holder into
(a) seasonal housing and (b) non-seasonal housing.
2.464d. Seasonal housing is that which is not intended to be permanently occupied.
The owners of seasonal housing units may use these for leisure, recreational or
vacational purposes either for their own use or for use by others. Thus the
dwelling is only occupied in certain days, weeks, or months of year. It is generally
furnished and has functioning facilities such as a water supply, electricity,
household appliances, tools or working equipment. The following categories to
specify seasonal status are suggested:
(1) Stay for vacations or recreational purposes
(2) Stay for business or work in agricultural activities
(3) Stay for business or work in non-agricultural activities
(4) Stay for education
(5) Any other type of seasonal stay
2.464e. For uninhabited dwellings that not intended for seasonal occupancy, an
attempt to identify the purpose or reason for its non-use is recommended.
Nevertheless, it is recognised that it may be difficult to do if the owner is not
present in the dwelling at the time of the census and where other respondents
(generally neighbours) may not know the information. Nevertheless, the following
categories are recommended:
(6) For rent or sale
(7) Under repair or reconstruction
(8) Used only for storage
(9) Not specified
Key changes to Housing Topics
Occupancy status: Secondary housing
New recommendation at Annex A
2.464g. It is important that countries collect information on dimension and
characteristics of secondary homes. This provides information on the
circumstances in which households own and use more than one residence and
on the characteristics of such households by relating the occupancy status with
the socio-economic variables reported in the census. However, it is recognised
that the collection of such information can be both difficult and sensitive and that,
in any field enumeration there may be reluctance on the part of respondents to
provide accurate information.
2.464h. The prerequisite for collecting any information on secondary homes is the
identification of the household’s primary or main home where the household is
regarded as being usually resident (or present at the time of the census). A
secondary home is then defined as a dwelling owned by the household but not
used as the household’s usual residence (main) at the time of census-taking.
Under this approach, the criteria for assigning a secondary home status states
are:
- the household has other owned dwelling where it could usually reside at any
time or can be regularly used;
- the household can use dwelling seasonally in certain periods of time or days a
year so any household member stays for vacations, recreational, working,
education purposes, among others.
- any other person can be a usual resident in it, whether by renting or by
occupying it in some other circumstance
.
2.464i. Households may then be classified according to availability of secondary
home are proposed to be classified as:
- secondary home available
- secondary home unavailable
Key changes to Housing Topics
Occupancy status: Secondary housing
New classification at Annex A
2.464j. For household where there is a secondary home available, the
characteristics of that home should be recorded such as the following
classification may be adopted:
1.0 Position of building
1.1 Attached to the main house
1.2 In the same area
1.3 In another area
2.0 Use of housing unit
2.1 Secondary home
2.2 Seasonally housing
2.2.1 Stay for vacations or recreational purposes
2.2.2 Stay for work or education
2.2.3 Another type of seasonally stay
2.3 Economic activity or family enterprise
2.4 Rent or loan to another household
2.5 Another use
3.0 Occupancy status
3.1 Inhabited
3.2 Uninhabited
Key changes to Housing Topics
Other proposed new classifications
Useful floor space (paragraph 2.476)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
or
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Under 15 square metres
15 and less that 30 square metre
30 and less than 40 square metres
40 and less than 50 square metres
50 and less than 60 square metres
60 and less than 80 square metres
80 and less than 100 square metres
100 and less than 120 square metres
120 and less than 150 square metres
150 square metres and over
Less than 5 square metres per occupant
5 and less that 10 square metres per occupant
10 and less than 15 square metres per occupant
15 and less than 20 square metres per occupant
20 and less than 30 square metres per occupant
30 and less than 40 square metres per occupant
40 and less than 60 square metres per occupant
60 and less than 80 square metres per occupant
80 square metres and over per occupant
Key changes to Housing Topics
Other proposed new classifications
Type of building (paragraph 2.517)
(1.0) Residential buildings
(1.1) Detached house (houses not attached to any other buildings)
(1.1.1) Detached houses with one dwelling
(1.1.2) Detached houses with two dwellings (with one above the other)
(1.2) Semi-detached house (two attached dwellings)
(1.3) Row (or terraced) house (at least three attached or connected dwellings each
with separate access to the outside)
(1.4) Apartment buildings
(1.4.1) Apartment buildings with three to nine dwelling
(1.4.2) Apartment buildings with 10 or more dwellings
(1.5) Other residential buildings
(2.0) Non-residential buildings
State of repair (paragraph 2.531)
(1.0) Repair not needed,
(2.0) In need of repair
(2.1) Minor repair
(2.2) Moderate repair
(2.3) Serious repair
(3.0) Irreparable
Key changes to Housing Topics
Other proposed new classifications
Position of dwelling in the building (paragraph 2.524a)
Some countries may want to collect information on the position of
dwelling/housing unit in the building. This information can be used as an
indicator of accessibility to dwellings, possibly in conjunction with information
on the accessibility to the dwellings. The following classification of dwellings
by position in the building is recommended:
(1.0) Dwelling on one floor only
(1.1) Dwelling below the ground floor
(1.2) Dwelling on the ground floor of the building
(1.3) Dwelling on the 1st or 2nd floor of the building
(1.4) Dwelling on the 3rd or 4th floor of the building
(1.5) Dwelling on the 5th floor of the building or higher
(2.0) Dwellings on two or more floors
(2.1) Dwelling on the ground floor of the building or below ground
level
(2.2) Dwelling on the 1st or 2nd floor of the building
(2.3) Dwelling on the 3rd or 4th floor of the building
(2.4) Dwelling on the 5th floor of the building or higher
For dwellings on two or more floors, information should be provided with
reference to the lowest floor level of the dwelling.
Key changes to Housing Topics
Other proposed new classifications
Construction materials of outer wall (paragraph 2.525)
(1.0)
(2.0)
(3.0)
(4.0)
(5.0)
(6.0)
(7.0)
Burnt clay (bricks, blocks, panels), stone, concrete
Unburnt clay, mud, earth
Wood
Bamboo
Corrugated sheets
Prefabricated units
Other materials
Construction materials of floor and roof (paragraph 2.528)
(1.0)
(2.0)
(3.0)
(4.0)
(5.0)
(6.0)
(7.0)
(8.0)
(9.0)
Tile
Concrete
Metal sheeting
Wood
Bamboo
Palm, straw
Mud
Plastic sheeting
Other materials
Key changes to Housing Topics
Moving some topics to Population chapter ?
Age and sex of household reference person
Tenure
Rental and other housing costs
Availability of ITC devices
Number of cars available to household
Durable household appliances
Availability of outdoor space
But note what paragraph 1.7 (Part I) says about housing censuses
“The [housing] census must provide information on the supply of housing
units together with information on the structural characteristics and
facilities that have a bearing upon the maintenance of privacy and health
and the development of normal family living conditions. Sufficient
demographic, social and economic data concerning the occupants must
be collected to furnish a description of housing conditions and also to
provide basic data for analysing the causes of housing deficiencies and
for studying possibilities for remedial action.”
UNITED NATIONS EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON
REVISING THE PRINCIPLES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUSES
NEW YORK, 29 APRIL- 2 MAY 2014
SESSION 2
REPORTS OF THE CHAIRS OF THE
WORKING GROUPS
WORKING GROUP 1:
POPULATION AND HOUSING TOPICS
IAN WHITE
UNITED KINGDOM