Transcript SRP 5-Steps for Equipment Layout

5-STEPS TO A SUCCESSFUL
EQUIPMENT LAYOUT
“I would definitely recommend the Superior Radiant Products
heater over the other heaters I have used.”
Marcus Belshe, The Belshe Farm, Henley, Missouri
Superior Radiant Products Ltd.
23-428 Millen Rd. Stoney Creek, Ontario Canada, L8E 3N9
Phone: 1 (905) 664-8274 Fax: 1 (905) 664-8846 Email: [email protected]
5-Steps to a successful equipment layout
• Step 1: Review the building
• Step 2: Do the calculation for heat loss
• Step 3: Verify your conclusion
• Step 4: Choose your heater size
• Step 5: The layout
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Step 1: Review the building
• What are the insulation values (R-values) of walls and ceiling?
• Where are the windows and doors located?
• What is the building height?
• Is the roof pitched, flat or round?
• Are there any cranes? Height of crane rails? Would heaters go above or below?
• Are there any exhaust fans? What is the cfm?
• Do any exhaust fans run all the time? Or only selected times?
• Are there makeup air units? What's their capacity?
• Is there storage racking? Where is it located? Will it interfere with installation or
impact performance of the heater?
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Heat Loss Factors
• R-Value: The thermal resistance of a barrier system. The R-value is the reciprocal of the
U-value. The higher the R value, the less heat is transmitted throughout the material.
• U-Value: A measure of air-to-heat transmission (loss or gain) due to the thermal
conductance and the difference in indoor and outdoor temperatures. As the U-value
decreases, so does the amount of heat that is transferred through the material. The lower
the U-value, the more restrictive the material is to heat transfer. Reciprocal of R-value.
• Degree Days: A unit of measure expressed as Heating Degree Days (HDD) and/or
Cooling Degree Days (CDD). Derived from the variance between the average temperature
during a given time period (month, season, year) and a reference point, usually 65oF.
(definition courtesy Silicon Valley Power)
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Step 2: Do calculation for heat loss
• Please refer to
Heat Calc
program for
details.
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Step 3: Verify your conclusion
8000
• Verify using BTUs
per foot “rule of
7000
thumb”
6000
DEGREE DAYS
(65 DEGREE BASE)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
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0
5
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15
25
35
45
BTUs PER SQUARE FOOT
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55
65
Comparisons of degree day selections
EDMONTON
COMMERCIAL
BUILDING
60 to 70 BTUs
per square foot
TORONTO
COMMERCIAL
BUILDING
45 to 50 BTUs
per square foot
ATLANTA
COMMERCIAL
BUILDING
20 to 30 BTUs
per square foot
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Comparisons of degree day selections
•
• Toronto, Ontario
Atlanta, Georgia
– Well insulated, new construction
– Well insulated, new construction
• Commercial application
• Commercial application
• Manufacturing
• Manufacturing
• BTUs per foot = 45 to 50
• BTUs per foot = 20 to 30
– Older building, poorly insulated
– Older building, poorly insulated
• Commercial application
• Commercial application
• Manufacturing
• Manufacturing
• BTUs per foot = 50 to 65
• BTUs per foot = 40 to 50
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Step 4: Choose the heater size
Determine the hanging height of the heater
–
Generally the higher the hanging height, the larger the burner you can use. For example, a 25ft
ceiling could have a 220MBH heater, whereas a 16ft ceiling would only use a 100MBH. Larger
may be too intense.
–
Cranes could affect heater choice. If you can hang them above the crane the normal rules
apply; but if you have to hang them below the rails then you must adjust the height for comfort.
–
Consider the location of work stations and people movement through those areas. A large
heater above a work station might overexpose occupants to heat. However, if people are
constantly moving in and out of the work station, a larger heater may be suitable.
Did You Know?
•
Heat Load
= Number of Heaters
Heater Size
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Examples of suggested mounting
heights for a typical tube heater
Heater Firing Rate
Suggested Minimum Installation Height (ft)
(‘000 BTU/Hr)
Space Heating
Spot Heating
40 or less
8 - 10
8
41 to 60
9 - 12
9
61 to 80
11 – 15
11
81 to 100
12 – 16
12
101 to 125
14 – 18
14
126 to 150
16 – 23
16
151 to 175
17 – 25
18
176 to 200
Over 20
20
201 and greater
Over 25
25
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Special Situations
• Loading Docks:
Loading docks should
have slightly more
heat than the normal
load because of wind
and door openings.
Two-Stage Heaters
work well to overcome
sudden cold.
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Special Situations
• Exterior Applications:
Outdoor patios, golf
driving ranges, porticos
and driveway de-icing are
best done with R-Series
Heaters. Heaters are
generally placed closer to
the ground to get more
direct radiant effect.
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Special Situations
• Car Wash: The environment
in a car wash can be very
corrosive. Water absorbs
infrared much more than air
so more input of heat is
needed. The UXR Heater is
available with stainless steel
options, including tube,
coupler and hardware. This
will stand up to a severe
environment much better
then a standard UXR.
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Special Situations
• Low Ceilings: The award-winning
L-Series is designed for low ceiling
applications where more even
radiant output is desired. Long
hallways, covered patios and
animal confinement are good
applications.
L-Series Heater
WINNER
“Most Innovative
HVAC Product”
CIPHEX West 2002
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Premier-VS Vacuum Systems
•
This award-winning system is suitable for many
applications, especially:
–
Buildings with work stations where people operate
in one place (i.e. packaging areas, assembly lines
or airport baggage areas).
–
Large canvas structures where minimum vent
penetration is allowed. Side wall venting is
preferred with canvas roofs. This type of structure
requires a lot of heat as well.
–
Underground garages and in-between floors where
venting through the roof is impossible.
–
Facilities where the design / owner requires
centralized controls
–
Facilities where the design / owner requests
variable heater rates
–
Vacuum system safety control
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Typical Premier-VS Layout
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High Intensity Heaters
•
High intensity heaters naturally vent into the building space. Always remember to:
–
Allow for mechanical ventilation.
–
Take mechanical ventilators into account in your heat loss calculation.
High intensity heaters are used primarily for spot heating because:
–
A large degree of heat can be focused on a smaller area.
–
They are very effective for small work stations in large, drafty buildings or by overhead doors.
Did You Know?
•
Common Misconception: Very high ceilings require user to choose high
intensity over low intensity. Low intensity radiant does not get to the floor.
In fact, both send the same amount of energy to the floor. High intensity is
concentrated so you feel it more than the tube heater which spreads it
down the tube. Also you can see the high intensity working with the
reddish glow where the tube heater has no glow at all.
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Step 5: The layout
• A fundamental concept:
– Low intensity heaters are hotter at the burner end (900oF – 1,000oF )
than the flue end (400oF to 500oF)
• Therefore, for best comfort and where suitable:
– Place heater head to tail
– Use U configuration
– Place the “hot end” over the “cold spots” (i.e. at doors, or near cold walls)
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Perimeter Heating
150’ – 0”
• When buildings have large
14’ x 12’
a perimeter layout may be
Ux 150
50’
Ux 150
50’
preferred. Put heat over
windows and loading
40’
14’ x 12’
(i.e. exterior walls, doors,
Common Vented
docks). Place the heaters
Ux 150
the greatest heat loss area
20’ – 3”
20’ – 3”
Common Vented
doors, approximately the
Ux 150
50’
50’
same distance away from
the walls as the hanging
height.
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14’ x 12’
Ux 150
parallel to walls and
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14’ x 12’
areas relative to heat loss,
Conventional layout
149’ – 2”
• Place the burners near
exterior walls but
10’ x 10’
12’ x 14’
preferably not closer
Ux 125
Ux 125
• The configuration may
be: flue then burner,
Ux 125
40’
40’
or flue pointing to
Common
Vented
common venting.
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Ux 125
79’ – 10”
20’
shields are used.
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15’ – 1”
20’
Common
Vented
10’
heights unless side
20’
Ux 100
Ux 100
than their hanging
30’
Use of side shields
• Use of side shields are recommended:
– Where heaters have to be placed
closer to the wall than their hanging
height or shelves allow.
– Along walls where wall hanging
brackets are used, such as patios.
– In hockey arenas to reflect the heat
Did You Know?
back to the people, not at the ice.
Side shields reflect at least 15%
more infrared energy to the floor
compared to tilting the shield at
a 45o angle.
45 degree angle
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Side shields
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Venting Options
• In all cases, local codes apply
for venting diameters and
lengths. Ensure vent lengths
described in the manual are
maintained.
– 30’ maximum vent length
– 30’ maximum fresh air length
– 50’ combined
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Common Venting
• Definition: When more than one
heater is vented through a
“common stack”, whether that
stack vents through the roof or
through the wall.
• Sizing of the vents is governed
by local gas installation codes
• Always one thermostat per
stack
• Generally, design for a
maximum of two heaters per
sidewall vent and a maximum of
four heaters for rooftop venting.
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Thermostat placement
• When you are locating the thermostat, consider the following
recommendations:
– Locate thermostats to minimize the impact of outdoor temperature on the
thermostat reading—preferably on an interior wall.
– Do not place thermostats in direct line of infrared heat.
– Keep thermostats away from direct sunlight, drafts or machinery that could
change the temperature readings.
– Hang approximately 5ft off the floor.
• Line voltage thermostats can have a maximum of 10 units.
• Low voltage thermostats can have a maximum of 6 units in combination
with a CE115 Relay.
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Questions?
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