Transcript Info Pack 3-Sustainable Design 2012

CREATIVE SPACES 2012 – INFORMATION PACK THREE
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
The information contained in this presentation is for general information purposes only and it is
intended that there will be strictly no commercial gain from its production. The content has been
prepared in good faith from what are believed to be reasonably dependable sources but its accuracy
and completeness cannot be absolutely guaranteed and should not therefore ever be completely relied
upon. Any perceived breach of copyright is unintentional and entirely accidental.
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CONTENTS
PAGE
A
SUSTAINABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
1
B
ENERGY CONSERVATION
7
C
CLIMATE CHANGE
9
D
GLOSSARY
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PART A - SUSTAINABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY?
SUSTAINABILITY IS THE CAPACITY TO ENDURE OR LAST.
FOR HUMANS, THIS MEANS THAT WE CAN MAINTAIN OUR QUALITY OF
LIFE NOW AND IN THE FUTURE. HOWEVER THIS DEPENDS ON HOW WE
INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH OUR ENVIRONMENT.
TO BE SUSTAINABLE, WE NEED TO LIVE IN A WAY THAT DOES NOT
DEPLETE THE EARTH’S RESOURCES AND ALSO ALLOWS US TO RECYCLE OR
REUSE THE WASTE WE GENERATE AND MINIMISE THE POLLUTION WE
CREATE.
A SCUBA DIVER INTERACTING SUSTAINABLY WITH A GIANT GROPER FISH
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WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DESIGN?
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN IS A WAY OF DESIGNING PHYSICAL OBJECTS LIKE
BUILDINGS, CARS, ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES ETC IN A WAY THAT HAS
LITTLE OR NO NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT OR OTHER
PEOPLE.
THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE THESE THINGS CAN HAVE A HUGE IMPACT
ON THE ENVIRONMENT. THIS IS BEACAUSE THEY USE MATERIALS AND
ENERGY AND PRODUCE POLLUTION AND WASTE DURING THEIR
CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION.
A TRAFFIC JAM IN INDIA
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THE SUSTAINABLE COR TOWER IN MIAMI, USA
SUSTAINABLY DESIGNED BUILDINGS
A BUILDING WHICH USES VERY LITTLE OR NO FOSSIL-FUEL ENERGY
DURING AND AFTER ITS CONSTRUCTION IS CONSIDERED TO BE A ‘LOWCARBON’ BUILDING.
IDEALLY A SUSTAINABLE DESIGN WILL ENHANCE A BUILDING’S ENERGY
AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, WILL HAVE GOOD ACCESS TO
SOLAR RADIATION AND DAYLIGHT AND BE LOCATED ON A SITE WHICH
ITSELF IS PLEASANTLY WARM AND SUNNY, WITH GOOD SHELTER FROM
THE WIND.
UNDERGROUND ECO HOUSE, PEMBROKESHIRE, UK
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OTHER THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING A SUSTAINABLE
BUILDING:
REDUCE THE NEED FOR ENERGY USE:
• HEATING AND COOLING: CONSIDER THE FORM, ORIENTATION, MASS
AND INSULATION
• BUILDING FABRIC – USE LOW IMPACT, HEALTHY, ROBUST MATERIALS
AND CONSTRUCTION
• LIGHTING – UTILISE YEAR ROUND NATURAL DAY-LIGHTING BUT
CONSIDER SOLAR CONTROLS TO PREVENT OVER HEATING
• VENTILATION - EXPLORE NATURAL METHODS LIKE OPENABLE WINDOWS
RATHER THAN MECHANICAL VENTILATION
• ORIENTATION - MAXIMISE THE POTENTIAL OF THE SITE AND DESIGN
FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY USE
• TECHNOLOGIES – USE APPROPRIATE LOW ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
WHERE POSSIBLE
• ENERGY – USE RENEWABLE ENERGY WHERE POSSIBLE
• LIFESTYLE - DESIGN FOR A WAY OF LIFE THAT CONSERVES NATURAL
RESOURCES AND CREATES A GREAT LIFESTYLE
A MOSQUE IN MALI, AFRICA IS BUILT WITH MUD, A LOCALLY SOURCED SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL
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THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING A SUSTAINABLE BUILDING:
THE DIRECTION OF THE PREVAILING WIND
THE POSITION OF THE SUN
THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.
THE MAIN ORIENTATION OF THE
BUILDING SHOULD BE WITHIN 30°
OF SOUTH. HOUSES ORIENTED
EAST OF SOUTH WILL BENEFIT
FROM THE MORNING SUN. THOSE
ORIENTATED WEST OF SOUTH
WILL CATCH THE LATE AFTERNOON
SUN.
TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES THAT MIGHT OPTIMISE OR DEGRADE THE
PERFORMANCE OF THE BUILDING(S) EG SLOPES, TREE BELTS, THE SHAPE
AND ORIENTATION OF THE SITE.
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EVEN MORE THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING A SUSTAINABLE
BUILDING:
DESIGN TO MINIMISE THE BUILDING SURFACE TO VOLUME AREA.
AVOID THE EXPOSED AREAS OF THE
SITE AND USE ANY NATURAL
SHELTER OFFERED.
MINIMISE WIND CHILL FROM THE
PREVAILING WIND BY PRESENTING
THE NARROWEST PART OF THE
BUILDING IN THAT DIRECTION.
ALSO:
• INSULATE YOUR BUILDING AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.
• USE RECYCLED MATERIALS AND/OR MATERIALS WHICH DID NOT TAKE A
LOT OF ENERGY TO CREATE.
• USE RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY RATHER THAN FOSSIL FUELS.
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PART B - ENERGY CONSERVATION
WHY SAVE ENERGY?
WHEN ENERGY SAVING IMPROVEMENTS ARE MADE, YOU CAN SAVE
MONEY, IMPROVE THE COMFORT FOR THE OCCUPANTS OF THE BUILDING
AND HELP FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE.
HOW TO DESIGN AN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING?
IT IS A GOOD IDEA TO FIRST CONSERVE ENERGY BEFORE TRYING TO
GENERATE IT:
1)
INSULATE THE BUILDING TO THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE STANDARD,
MAKE IT AIRTIGHT BUT ENSURE SUITABLE LEVELS OF
VENTILATION ARE PROVIDED.
2)
IF POSSIBLE USE DENSE AND HEAVY MATERIALS LIKE BRICKS OR
CONCRETE WHICH CAN ABSORB THE SUNS HEAT DURING THE DAY
AND RADIATE THE HEAT BACK INTO THE BUILDING AT NIGHT.
THESE MATERIALS CREATE WHAT IS KNOWN AS A “THERMAL
MASS”.
3)
INSTALL AN EFFICIENT HEATING SYSTEM THAT IS SIZED
CORRECTLY TO MATCH THE ANTICIPATED SPACE AND HOT WATER
DEMANDS.
4)
WHERE POSSIBLE, INSTALL SOLAR COLLECTORS TO PROVIDE A
PROPORTION OF THE HOT WATER REQUIRED.
5)
CONSIDER OTHER RENEWABLE WATER AND SPACE HEATING
SYSTEMS
6)
CONSIDER RENEWABLE ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS.
SHEEPS WOOL INSULATION BEING INSTALLED INTO A LOFT SPACE
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PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS ON FARM BUILDING, GOCH, GERMANY
ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS:
• CONSERVE - AIR LEAKAGE THROUGH THE BUILDING FABRIC MAY MEAN
VALUABLE HEAT ESCAPES IN WINTER
• REUSE - HEAT/COOLNESS RECOVERY SYSTEMS
• RECYCLE - PHOTOVOLTAIC AND SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS CAN CREATE
ENERGY SOURCES THAT CAN BE USED TO HEAT YOUR HOME
• WIND CAPTURE - DON’T FORGET THAT THE WIND CAN PROVIDE A
RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR COOLING OR EVEN ENERGY GENERATION
THE WAY OUR HOMES ARE BUILT AND USED ALSO IMPACTS ON THE
ENVIRONMENT IN OTHER WAYS; FOR EXAMPLE THROUGH WATER USE,
WASTE GENERATION AND THE USE OF POLLUTING MATERIALS. THESE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS CAN BE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED THROUGH
GOOD DESIGN PRACTICE.
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PART C - CLIMATE CHANGE
WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?
WE NEED ENERGY TO HEAT, LIGHT AND POWER FOR OUR HOMES,
WORKPLACES, SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS AND VEHICLES. IN FACT ALMOST
EVERYTHING WE DO WILL REQUIRE THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF
ENERGY.
TO GENERATE ENERGY, FOSSIL FUELS (COAL, OIL AND GAS) ARE
NORMALLY BURNT AND THIS PRODUCES “GREENHOUSE GASES” - IN
PARTICULAR CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2).
THERE IS NOW CONSIDERABLE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE SUGGESTING THAT
CO2 IS CAUSING OUR CLIMATE TO CHANGE AND THIS IS A SERIOUS AND
URGENT ISSUE.
IT IS THOUGHT THAT THE GREENHOUSE GASES INCLUDING CO2 ARE
HEATING UP THE EARTH POTENTIALLY CREATING MORE STORMS AND
FLOODS IN SOME PLACES AND DROUGHTS IN OTHER PLACES.
COAL FIRED POWER STATIONS PRODUCE ELECTRICITY FOR OUR USE BUT ALSO CREATE CO2
EMISSIONS AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES
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HOW DO WE CONTRIBUTE TO CLIMATE CHANGE?
EXHAUST GASES FROM CARS ARE A HUGE PROBLEM BUT THE REALITY IS
THAT MORE CO2 COMES FROM THE ENERGY WE USE AT HOME.
“AROUND 45% OF THE UK'S CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS ACTUALLY
COME FROM ENERGY WE USE EVERY DAY - AT HOME AND WHEN WE
TRAVEL.” ENERGY SAVINGS TRUST UK
“IN 2010, TOTAL UK CO2 EMISSIONS WERE 533 MILLION TONNES. 27%
(144 MILLION TONNES) OF THOSE EMISSIONS CAME FROM THE ENERGY
WE USE TO HEAT, LIGHT AND POWER OUR HOMES. OUR TRANSPORT
EMISSIONS CAUSED BY PASSENGER CARS, BUSES AND MOPEDS AND
MOTORCYCLES ACCOUNT FOR A FURTHER 16% (87 MILLION TONNES) OF
CO2 EMISSIONS.” ENERGY SAVINGS TRUST UK
“BUILDING USE IN THE UK CONTRIBUTES ABOUT 50% OF THE UK’S CO2
EMISSIONS AND CONSTRUCTION CONTRIBUTES ABOUT ANOTHER 7%”.
NATURAL BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES
CARS, TRUCKS, BUSES, MOPEDS AND MOTORCYCLES PRODUCE CO2 EMISSIONS
WHAT'S BEING DONE TO HELP FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE?
“THE CLIMATE CHANGE ACT COMMITS THE UK TO REDUCTIONS IN CO2
EMISSIONS OF AT LEAST 26% BY 2020 AND A LONG TERM GOAL OF AN
80% REDUCTION BY 2050. IT BECAME LAW IN NOVEMBER 2008. UNDER THE
KYOTO PROTOCOL, BETWEEN 2008-2012 THE UK MUST REDUCE ITS
EMISSIONS OF SIX MAJOR GREENHOUSE GASES BY 12.5 PER CENT FROM
1990 LEVELS.” ENERGY SAVINGS TRUST UK
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PART D - GLOSSARY
BIOMASS
OFTEN CALLED 'BIO-ENERGY' OR 'BIO-FUELS',
BIOMASS IS PRODUCED FROM ORGANIC
MATERIALS LIKE TREES. WHEN BURNT IN A
BIOMASS HEATER, A BIO-FUEL CAN CREATE
ENERGY TO HEAT A HOME.
ECO HOUSE
AN ECO HOUSE MINIMISES THE USE OF THE
FOSSIL FUEL ENERGY AND AVOIDS THE CREATION
OF WASTE OR POLLUTION.
DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOWS
DOUBLE GLAZING WORKS BY TRAPPING AIR
BETWEEN TWO PANES OF GLASS CREATING AN
INSULATING BARRIER THAT REDUCES HEAT LOSS,
NOISE AND CONDENSATION.
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS LIKE OIL, GAS OR COAL WHICH CONTAIN
CARBON FOUND IN THE EARTH’S CRUST.
GEOTHERMAL HEAT
THIS A TYPE OF THERMAL ENERGY GENERATED
AND STORED IN THE EARTH
GREENHOUSE GASES
THESE ARE GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE THAT
ABSORB AND EMIT RADIATION. THESE INCLUDE
GASES LIKE CARBON DIOXIDE AND METHANE
HEAT/COOL RECOVERY SYSTEMS
SEE HEAT PUMPS
HEAT PUMPS
HEAT PUMPS TRANSFER HEAT FROM THE GROUND,
AIR OR WATER INTO A BUILDING TO PROVIDE
HEATING AND, IN SOME CASES, TO PRE-HEAT
DOMESTIC HOT WATER.
INSULATION
INSULATION REDUCES UNWANTED HEAT LOSS OR
GAIN . INSULATION CAN BE INSTALLED IN
WALLS, FLOORS, ROOFS AND EVEN WINDOWS
CAN BE INSULATED USING DOUBLE GLAZING.
TYPES OF INSULATION INCLUDE FOAM, PAPER,
SHEEPS WOOL, WOOD FIBRE, STRAW AND SOIL.
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NATURAL VENTILATION
NATURAL VENTILATION IS THE PROCESS BY
WHICH AIR IS SUPPLIED AND REMOVED IN AN
INDOOR SPACE BY NATURAL MEANS. LIKE
WINDOWS.
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
SOLAR PV (PHOTOVOLTAIC) PANELS USE ENERGY
FROM THE SUN TO CREATE ELECTRICITY TO RUN
APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING. THESE ARE
TYPICALLY INSTALLED ON THE ROOFS OF
BUILDINGS BUT HAVE TO BE ORIENTATED
TOWARDS THE SUN.
RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGY
RENEWABLES TECHNOLGIES ARE EFFECTIVE
ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL FUELS THAT CAN MEET
YOUR ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCE
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS. THEY WILL
EITHER, NEVER RUN OUT - LIKE WIND, THE SUN
AND FLOWING WATER - OR ARE CONTINUALLY
REPLACEABLE - LIKE CROPS. THESE CAN HELP
REDUCE OUR DEPENDENCE ON NON-RENEWABLE
SOURCES LIKE FOSSIL FUELS BY PRODUCING
EITHER HEAT OR ELECTRICITY. SOME EXAMPLES
OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ARE
SOLAR PANELS, PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS,WIND
TURBINES, AND BIOMASS HEATERS.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
THIS IS ENERGY WHICH COMES FROM NATURAL
RESOURCES SUCH AS SUNLIGHT, WIND, RAIN,
TIDES AND GEOTHERMAL HEAT WHICH ARE
RENEWABLE (NATURALLY REPLENISHED).
THERMAL MASS
A THERMAL MASS IN A BUILDING LIKE A
CONCRETE FLOOR WILL ABSORB THERMAL ENERGY
WHEN THE SURROUNDINGS ARE HIGHER IN
TEMPERATURE, AND GIVE THERMAL ENERGY BACK
WHEN THE SURROUNDINGS ARE COOLER
SOLAR CONTROL
CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF SUNLIGHT
ENTERING A BUILDING. CURTAINS AND BLINDS,
ARE OFTEN USED AS SOLAR CONTROLS.
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SMALL SCALE HYDRO
HYDRO POWER SYSTEMS USE RUNNING WATER
TURNING A TURBINE TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY.
FOR HOUSES WITH NO MAINS CONNECTION BUT
WITH ACCESS TO A MICRO HYDRO SITE, A GOOD
HYDRO SYSTEM CAN GENERATE A STEADY, MORE
RELIABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY THAN OTHER
RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES AT A LOWER COST.
SOLAR RADIATION
IS THE LIGHT AND HEAT EMITTED BY THE SUN
SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR
THIS IS USUALLY A FLAT PLAT OR GLASS TUBE
WHICH COLLECTS THE SUNS HEAT BY ABSORBING
SUNLIGHT.
SOLAR WATER HEATING
SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEMS USE SOLAR
THERMAL COLLECTORS TO CONVERT HEAT FROM
THE SUN TO WORK ALONGSIDE YOUR
CONVENTIONAL WATER HEATER.
WATER BUTT
A CONTAINER WHICH IS USED TO COLLECT
RAINWATER FOR REUSE
WIND POWER
WIND POWER IS A CLEAN, RENEWABLE SOURCE OF
ENERGY WHICH PRODUCES NO CARBON DIOXIDE
EMISSIONS OR WASTE PRODUCTS. WIND
TURBINES USE THE WIND'S LIFT FORCES TO
ROTATE AERODYNAMIC BLADES THAT TURN A
ROTOR WHICH CREATES ELECTRICITY.
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