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The Basler building
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building
The design
issue

The Basler building is situated
in the city centre of Basel.

This 10 storey, naturallyventilated building, was built
in 1951.

The building is used as the
administration building of a
big insurance company.

The design can be described
as a low budget typical office
building.
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
More
information...
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660m²
220 people
Project presentation (1...)
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building

The design
issue
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
More
information...
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Since two main
roads are near the
building this area is
characterised by a
lot of noise and
pollution which is a
problem.
Project presentation (2...)
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building

The design
issue
At the north east side the
building is connected with
a mechanically ventilated
building with a glass
corridor on each floor.
External
screens
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
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Part under
investigation
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Naturally
ventilated
building
Mechanically
ventilated
building
Project presentation (3...)
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building
The design
issue

The building has a glass/metal façade and massive concrete floors

The air tightness is very low; which is typical for a building of this age.

The thermal insulation level of the building is low. The glass/metal
façade is made of a glass with a high U-Value (2.5 - 3.5 W/m2.K ) and
metal construction with insulated panels (U-value: 0.378 (SE and NW
façade) and 0.827 W/m2.K (NE and SW façade)).

The offices have exposed ceilings, floors with carpet and light internal
walls. The total thermal mass can be considered as medium.

Shading devices: All windows have external manually controlled screens
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
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information...
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The design issue
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building

The aim is to reduce energy consumption by educating the users. The
occupants are directly responsible for their own working environment:
 by using their external shading devices against solar radiation and
 by opening their windows for ventilation and cooling.

The ventilation is based on a natural window ventilation only. The position
of opened windows is chosen by the users deciding between the positions
shown below.
The design
issue
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
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information...
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Tilted window
Fully opened window
The building concept (1...)
for thermal summer comfort
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building

A simple strategy of:
 intensive day ventilation and
 shading devices
is applied to improve thermal comfort in summer without the need for a
control system.

The strategy is
 based on the position of the sun (different strategy for forenoon and
afternoon)
 relies on the user (completely manual control)

There is no night ventilation: for reasons of security (insurance company!)
all windows must be closed at night.
The design
issue
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
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information...
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Explication of strategy: see next slides...
The building concept (2...)
for thermal summer comfort
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building
Morning
The design
issue
The building
concept
South-West
façade
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
More
information...
North-East
façade
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Offices Offices
Corridor
Open
Closed
Doors
Windows
Shading devices
The building concept (3...)
for thermal summer comfort
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building
Afternoon
The design
issue
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
South-West
façade
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
More
information...
North-East
façade
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Offices Offices
Corridor
Open
Closed
Doors
Windows
Shading devices
The building concept (4|)
for good indoor air quality
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building

Occupants can control the IAQ by
opening the windows during office
hours.

This strategy aims to achieve a high
level of user satisfaction because of
the opportunities for independent
manual control.
The design
issue
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
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information...
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Slide with monitoring setup
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building




The design
issue


The building
concept
Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ),
Ventilation Rate,
Temperature
Humidity,
Indoor air velocity (in the offices)
were made over one week periods during

The winter
monitoring

February 1998 and
August 1997,
in
The summer
monitoring


Major
findings
More
information...
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Continuous measurements of



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one cellular office on the sixth floor on the north-east façade (fully monitored)
one cellular office on the sixth floor on the north-east façade (only temperature)
two cellular offices on the sixth floor on the south-west façade (fully monitored)
one cellular office on the first floor on the north-east façade (only temperature)
A cellular office on the sixth floor was selected as being representative for
winter and for summer. The monitoring results of these offices are shown in
the following charts.
Winter monitoring (1...)
typical winter day - monitoring results
The design
issue
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
More
information...
40
Indoor and outside temp. / air change rate
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building
Comfortable indoor air
temperature
35
Small air change rate due to
infiltration through gaps and
cracks (low building air tightness)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
12
15
18
21
00
03
06
09
12
15
18
21
00
03
06
09
12
15
18
21
-5
-10
09-11.02.1997
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Indoor Temperature [°C]
Air Change [1/h]
Outside Temperature [°C]
00
Winter monitoring (2...)
typical winter day - monitoring results
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
More
information...
1200
A good IAQ is achieved (due to infiltration through
gaps and cracks). The CO2 concentrations during
the office hours are low (far below 1200 ppm)
35
30
1000
25
800
20
15
600
10
400
5
0
12
15
18
21
00
03
06
09
12
15
18
21
00
03
06
09
12
15
NatVent
21
00
200
-5
-10
0
09-11.02.1997
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18
Indoor Temperature [°C]
Air Change [1/h]
Outside Temperature [°C]
Carbon Dioxide [ppm]
Carbon dioxide
The design
issue
40
Indoor and outside temperature, air change
rate
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building
Winter monitoring (3|)
typical winter day - monitoring results
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building

Results of winter monitoring:
 The internal temperatures are comfortable
 The Indoor Air Quality is acceptable, however….

The good IAQ is the result of a constant background infiltration through
gaps and cracks. (The air tightness of the building is low !). This situation
can’t be considered as a good strategy as a low air tightness has several
disadvantages:
 uncontrollable infiltration losses,
 potential draught problems,
 inferior performances of natural or mechanical ventilation system
 …

An air tight building is the basis of a well-controlled ventilation system:
build tight, ventilate right !
The design
issue
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
More
information...
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Summer monitoring (1...)
typical summer day - monitoring results
The design
issue
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
More
information...
40
Indoor and outside temp. / air change rate
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building
Indoor temperatures are too high:
(more comment see next slide…)
Tint < Text  Intensive day
ventilation = Heat gain
35
30
25
20
15
Intensive day
ventilation
(>10 ACH)
No night
ventilation
10
5
0
12
15
18
21
00
03
06
09
12
15
18
21
00
03
06
09
12
15
18
21
-5
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09-11.02.1997
Indoor Temperature [°C]
Air Change [1/h]
Outside Temperature [°C]
00
Summer monitoring (2...)
typical summer day - monitoring results
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building

The design
issue
During warm periods the internal temperatures are too high. This
problem could be reduced by:

Applying intensive night ventilation: The cooling effect of intensive
night ventilation is much larger than the cooling effect of intensive
day ventilation due to the higher temperature difference. Moreover,
intensive day ventilation should be avoided if Tint < Text (see circles
on previous slide !)

Automatically controlled external screens instead of manually
controlled external screens. When the shading devices are controlled
manually, they are often closed too late (or not at all when the
occupant is absent).
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
More
information...
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Summer monitoring (3|)
typical summer day - monitoring results
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
More
information...
1200
A good IAQ is achieved (due to intensive day
ventilation). The CO2 concentrations during
the office hours are low (far below 1200 ppm)
35
1000
30
25
800
20
600
15
10
400
5
200
0
12
15
18
21
00
03
06
09
12
15
18
21
00
03
06
09
12
15
-5
NatVent
21
00
0
09-11.02.1997
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18
Indoor Temperature [°C]
Air Change [1/h]
Outside Temperature [°C]
Carbon Dioxide [ppm]
CO2-concentration (ppm)
The design
issue
40
Indoor and outside temp. / air change rate
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building
Major Findings
The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building
The design
issue


It is very important to cool the building during the night, in order to
avoid high indoor temperatures during the day as these can result in
thermal comfort problems.

Security Issues and Night Cooling:

At the moment night cooling is not applied for reasons of security.
Some automatically opened windows installed in the right places (or in
combination with burglar-proof grilles) could satisfy the security and
night ventilation requirement.
Night Cooling concept:
 A simple concept of cross ventilation could be applied whenever the
internal doors can be left open at night. If the internal doors have to be
closed, single sided ventilation can be applied. However in this case
the effect of the night ventilation will be smaller.
The building
concept

The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Night Cooling:
Major
findings
More
information...
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Major Findings

The Basler
building
Presentation
of the building
The design
issue
The building
concept

Shading Devices:

The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Major
findings
More
information...

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When the openings in the façades are too small (due to security
reasons) for completely natural ventilation, a fan-assisted
system can provide a solution. Fans on the roof could ventilate
the whole building through the two vertical staircases.
The use of the shading devices has to be studied in detail to
avoid overheating in summer. Automatic shading devices could
be applied as a background control in summertime.
Noise and Pollution

Because of the building location, noise and pollution are a
considerable inconvenience to the building occupants. This is a
particular problem for users on the lowest floor.
More information...
The VELUX
building
Presentation
of the building
The design
issue
The building
concept
The winter
monitoring
The summer
monitoring
Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents:
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\ch3summ.pdf
 global presentation of the buildings (4p./building)
 contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\ch3det.pdf
 detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (20p./campaign)
 contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions
Major
findings
More
information...
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You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader
®3.0. Program. This program is free.
Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR
run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory
\Installation