Transcript Hebrews Powerpoint

Hebrews
Abram
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Abram was born in Ur around 2000 BCE,
located in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley region.
From Ur, Abram and his family moved to
Haran
Call from God
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At the age of 75, he received his calling from
God: "The Lord had said to Abram, "Leave
your country, your people and your father's
household and go to the land I will show you.
I will make you into a great nation and I will
bless you; I will make your name great, and
you will be a blessing. I will bless those who
bless you, and whoever curses you I will
curse; and all peoples on earth will be
blessed through you." (Genesis 12:1-3)
HEBREWS
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Abram obediently left for
Canaan (today Israel) with
his wife Sarah
During that time The Lord
appeared to him and told
him that, "To your offspring I
will give this land." (Genesis
12:7).
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His descendents
became known as
Hebrews.
Migration of Abraham
Video
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Abraham and the
Hebrews were
the first
monotheists
Monotheism :
belief in one god
http://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=uJ4H
3Qgk-Kw
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Abraham’s
monotheism
became the
foundation of
Judaism,
Christianity, and
Islam.
Abraham’s
Covenant (sacred
promise) with God:
Go to Canaan
(promised land) with
your people and I will
make you the father
of a great nation
Moses
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By c. 1250 BCE, many Hebrews have
settled in Egypt as slaves
Adopted son of Egyptian pharaoh after his
wife finds him floating down the Nile in a
basket
Grows up and realizes that he is adopted
and is actually the son of Hebrew slaves
God tells Moses to ask his brother, the
new Pharoh, to let his people go
Brother says no!
Plagues
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God sends a series of 10 plagues to Egypt
• Plague: terrible disaster affecting many
people and thought to be a punishment sent
from God
• Examples: bugs called locusts eat all the crops,
Nile turn to blood, etc.
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Finally, God sends a plague that will kill
the firstborn son of each family in Egypt
God tells the Hebrews to paint a red cross
on their houses so that the plague will
“passover” them
Pharoh’s son is killed and he agrees let the
Hebrews go!
Moses & the Red Sea
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Moses starts to lead the Hebrews out of
Egypt but the Pharaoh changes his mind
Just as they reach the Red Sea the
Pharaoh and his army catch up with them
Moses places his staff into the river and
parts the Red Sea so the Hebrews can
cross; recoded as a miracle in the Old
testament
The Pharoh’s army is killed when they try
to cross the Red Sea
Exodus
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This story is called the Exodus,
meaning “departure”
Moses in Sinai
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Moses and the Hebrews go to the Sinai
Peninsula and wander in the desert for 40
years
Eventually Moses is told by God to stop at
Mt. Sinai
There he received the 10 commandments
from God
He convinces his Hebrew people to follow
this God and starts the Jewish faith
Moses
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Led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt
to the “promised land”(Israel)
 Delivered the Ten Commandments
The Ten
Commandments
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State both
religious and
moral behavior in
that they require
that believers
both worship God
and live justly
with one another
Beliefs of Judaism
The Religion of the Hebrews (Jews)
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One God
Torah
Ten
Commandments
After Moses
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Hebrews settle in Canaan
(modern day Israel)
Hebrews divide into 12
Tribes
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King David
becomes
famous for
defeating the
giant Goliath
David united
the tribes of
Israel
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His son Solomon
build a temple in
Jerusalem
After Solomon’s
death the kingdom
divides into two
Jerusalem
Holy City of the Jews
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King David
established
Jerusalem as the
capital of Israel.
Today Jerusalem is
a holy city to
Muslims and
Christians as well
as Jews.
Jerusalem and the Temple
Holy Temple in
Jerusalem was
built by King
Solomon in 957
BCE
Replaced the
portable sanctuary
built in the Sinai
Desert by the
people travelling
with Moses
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The site of the original temple is now occupied
by a Muslim Mosque (Dome of the Rock).
 Ownership of these and other holy sites has
been a source of bickering between Muslims
and Jews for centuries.
Babylonian Captivity
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In 586 BCE the
Neo-Babylonian
emperor
Nebuchadnezzar
captured Jerusalem
and burned down
the temple
He sent thousands
of Jews to leave
Israel and live in
Babylon
While in Babylon
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Groups of Jews met
together on the holy
day, or Sabbath, to
discuss religion
These meetings
were held at
synagogues, or
Jewish houses of
worship
Cyrus and the Persians
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In 538 BCE, the
Persian Empire in
modern day Iran
took over the NeoBabylonian Empire
in Mesopotamia
The Persian
emperor, Cyrus the
Great, allowed the
Jews to move back
to Israel
Jews Rebuild the Second Temple
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When they
return to
Jerusalem, the
Jews set to work
on a new temple
The Torah
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Persians controlled the
government in Israel so the
Jews looked to their
religious leaders for
guidance
Religious leaders wrote
down the first 5 books of the
Hebrew Bible during this
time also known has the
Christian Old Testament
Wrote on scrolls
Called the Torah
Exile
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Jews were driven from
their homeland by the
Romans in AD 132.
The state of Israel
ceased to exist for 1800
years.
Exile: this mean time
that someone is forced
to spend in a foreign
land
Western Wall
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In 70 AD the Romans
destroyed the ancient
Temple of Jerusalem.
The West Wall of the Temple
Mount is all that remains
today.
Jews consider this wall their
most sacred shrine (holy
site).
They come from all over the
world to pray at this shrine.
Diaspora
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Scattering of the Jews
•Jews migrated all around the Mediterranean Sea
PHOENICIANS
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Great seafaring traders who founded
wealthy city-states in the Fertile
Crescent along the Mediterranean
coast (present-day Lebanon).
Phoenicia
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set up colonies (lands controlled by
a distant nation)
Carthage became the most powerful
colony
Phoenician
Accomplishments
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First Alphabet (phonetic
symbols stand for sounds)
•22 letter alphabet (vs.
550 cuneiform
characters)
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Great shipbuilders and
seafarers
Spread civilization and the
alphabet through trade.
Use of coins as well as the
alphabet made trade much
easier.
The Phoenecians
NUBIA
•Also called Kush
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Located on
the upper
(southern)
Nile
Present-day
Kush and Egypt
(Lower Nile)
Kush
(Upper Nile)
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Ideas and
goods flowed
along the
Nile between
Kush and
Egypt
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Egypt dominated Kush
for 1000 years
Gifts for the King from a country called Nubia
Kush conquered Egypt and
established its own dynasty:
(line of hereditary, meaning from
one family, rulers who rule a
region) on the Egyptian throne
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Contributions of
Kush
Meroitic script
(writing)
Kush
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Steep sided pyramids and
palaces
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Gold, copper, and iron
working.
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Golden Age of
Meroe
After the Assyrians conquered Egypt,
Kush continued to prosper in the
booming trade between Africa,
Arabia and India
Faded away
around 400 AD
Nubian Queen
Nubian Queen
Ahmes Nefertari
of Egypt around 1550 B.C