Transcript Eastern Hemisphere Chapter 11 Notes

Chapter Notes 11-1: History and Religion
I. Mesopotamia
A. One of the 1st civilizations that grew in the “Fertile Crescent” land
between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
B. One of the earliest city-states was an area called Sumer.
C. They created a form of writing known as cuneiform.
D. Hammurabi’s Code was an attempt to bring justice and fairness to
the idea of law. (eye for an eye)
II. Ancient Egypt
A. Egypt grew out of the river valley, the Nile, the longest river in the
world.
B. Upper and Lower Egypt were united under one great ruler called a
pharaoh.
C. Egyptians had a polytheistic religion, meaning they worshipped
many gods.
D. Large tombs that belonged to pharaohs were called pyramids.
E. They used a form of picture writing called hieroglyphics.
F. One of the greatest trading empires were the Phoenicians.
Religions of the Middle East
III. Judaism - followers are known as Jews
A. Oldest of the 3 religions and their holy book is the Tanakh.
B. Believe that God made a covenant with Abraham and his people.
C. They believe that they are God’s chosen people and are still
waiting for the Messiah.
D. The scattering of Jews all over the world is known as the Diaspora.
IV. Christianity - followers are called Christians
A. Their holy book is called the Bible.
B. Christians believe that Jesus is the son of God and the Messiah that
the Jews were waiting.
C. Christianity is the most practiced religion in the world. (2 Billion)
V. Islam - followers are called Muslims.
A. Their holy book is called the Quran.
B. Muslims believe that Muhammad is the last and greatest prophet of
Allah or God.
C. The Quran describes the 5 Pillars of Faith, 5 obligations all Muslims
must fulfill.
D. Muslims practice in houses of worship called mosques .
RELIGIONS
JUDAISM
CHRISTIANITY
FOLLOWER’S
CALLED:
JEWS
CHRISTIANS
MUSLIMS
HOUSE OF
WORSHIP:
SYNAGOGUES
CHURCH
MOSQUES
PEOPLE:
ABRAHAM,
MOSES
JESUS CHRIST
MUHAMMAD
TORAH
BIBLE
QURAN
YAWEH
GOD
ALLAH
HOLY WRITINGS:
NAMES OF GODS:
HOLY CITIES:
JERUSALEM,
ISRAEL
HOLLIDAYS:
HANUKKAH,
YOM KIPPUR
DON’T BELIEVE
THAT JESUS IS THE
SON OF GOD
BASIC BELIEFS:
JERUSALEM
CHRISTMAS,
EASTER, GOOD
FRIDAY
SON OF GOD
“MESSIAH”
ISLAM
JERUSALEM
MECCA, MEDINA
RAMADAN
SUBMITTING
TO GOD
VI. The Region in the Modern World
A. Late 900’s, N. Africa and SW Asia was a vast Arab empire.
B. In the 1200’s, Ottoman empire controlled the region until WWI.
C. After WWI, large areas came under control of European powers.
D. In 1947, the UN voted to divide Palestine into Jewish and Arab
countries.
E. In 1948, Israel becomes a nation, Arab and Israeli conflicts have
occurred ever since.
F. People in this region blame U.S. and Europe for keeping Muslim
nations poor and have led to terrorism.
Chapter Notes 11-2: Cultures and Lifestyles
I. Population Changes
A. Lack of water influences where people live. (More than ½ urban)
B. Many people moving to the cities (Istanbul, Cairo, Tehran) for
better living conditions.
C. Overcrowding, job shortages, and lack of transport are problems of
people moving to the cities.
II. Religious Practices
A. Muslims must fulfill the 5 Pillars of Faith:
1. statement of faith
2. pray 5 times a day
3. give money to the poor
4. fast during the month of Ramadan
5. holy journey, hajj, to Makkah (Mecca)
B. Christians celebrate Easter and Christmas as holy days.
C. Jewish people honor the Sabbath from sundown Friday to sundown
Saturday.
III. Religion, the Arts, and Daily Life
A. Arabic, is the major language of this region.
B. Countries w/ high manufacturing have better living standards.
(Israel)
C. Saudi Arabia and Qatar are wealthy from oil production.
D. Many N. Africans have migrated to Europe for a better life.
E. Recently, the status of women is changing, have more rights.
F. In more traditional countries, (Saudi Arabia) women are expected
to obey their husbands and stay home.