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Abrahamic Religions Islam Judaism Christianity Important Vocabulary • • • • • • • • Theism – Belief in the existence of a god or gods. Monotheism – The belief in one god. Salvation – Deliverance from the power and penalty of sin. Conforming to the approved form of any doctrine, Orthodox – philosophy, etc. The books of the Bible recognized by any Canon – Christian church as genuine and inspired. The act of God in foreordaining, from eternity, Predestination – whatever comes to pass person who speaks for God or a deity, or by divine Prophet – Ainspiration Clergy – The group or body of ordained people in a religion Islam • Basic Facts • Origins and History • Religious Beliefs Basic Facts • Followers are called Muslims • Islam is mainly concentrated in the Middle East and Southeast Asia • Qu’ran (Koran) is the sacred text of Islam – Hadith (Other written authority) • Imams (Clergy) 1. “Word of God” 2. Identical book in Heaven 3. Divided into 114 chapters or Surahs 4. Surahs are revelations given to Mohammed • Mosque (House of Worship) • Main day of worship – Friday 1. “Tradition” 2. Collection of the sayings and actions of Mohammed Origins and History • Founded 622 AD • Founded in Arabia (Saudi -Believed that Ali (Mohammed’s -Accept Ali as well as the 3 other Arabia today) Son-in-Law was the rightful leaders that came before him and successor asby leader of Islam after Mohammed • Founded Mohammed Ibn following Mohammed’s death) Abdallah -Follow the belief that a new -Ali is revered as a saint to the leader should be elected from • Original Language Arabic Shi’a those proven to be capable of the job. • Within 12areyears -The Shi’a dominantIslam in Iraq had spread to the entire and Iran -Sunni Muslims make up the Arabian Peninsula. Within majority 100 years, Islam of Muslimsthe all over the worldto (85%) had spread from the Atlantic China • Major Split – Shi’a/Sunni 650 AD Religious Beliefs • Monotheistic faith • Allah (Arabic for God) • The Qur’an is the inspired, literal word of God. Inerrant in original languages. • Humans have the equal ability to do good or evil Religious Beliefs cont. • Salvation is attained by: good deeds, correct belief, Five Pillars • Salvation predestined by Allah • Afterlife exists: – Good Afterlife – Eternal Paradise – Bad Afterlife – Eternal Hell Islamic View of Other Abrahamic Religions Jews and Christians are respected as “People of the Book,” but they have wrong beliefs and only partial revelation. Judaism • Basic Facts • Origins and History • Religious Beliefs Basic Facts • Followers are called Jews • Judaism is mainly concentrated in Israel, USA, and Europe • Sacred Text is the Bible – Christian Old Testament Written decisions and Verse by verse – Torah (Books of Moses) – Genesis, Exodus, rulings given by the interpretation of Jewish Law, Ethics, scholars Hebrew scriptures Leviticus, Deuteronomy Customs and History Numbers, • Other Written Authority: Talmud, Midrash, Responsa Basic Facts cont. • Clergy - Rabbis • Main day of worship - Saturday • House of Worship - Synagogue Origins and History • Date Founded - unknown • Founded in Israel/Palestine • Founded by Moses or Abraham • Original Language - Hebrew • Little Expansion • Major Split – Reform/Orthodox (1800s) Religious Beliefs • Names of God – Yahweh or Elohim • Views vary when it comes to the origin and inspiration of Sacred Texts • Humans have two equal impulses: One good and one bad. Religious Beliefs cont. • Salvation comes from belief in God and good deeds • Yahweh has divine revelation and forgiveness (as opposed to predestination) • Afterlife – Good Afterlife : either heaven, or no afterlife – Bad Afterlife: either reincarnation, eternal hell, or no afterlifeu8 Jewish View of Other Abrahamic Religions Islam and Christianity are false extensions and interpretations of Judaism. Christianity • Basic Facts • Origins and History • Religious Beliefs Basic Facts • Followers are called Christians • Judaism is mainly concentrated in Europe, North and South America, rapid growth in Africa • Sacred text is the Bible – Jewish Bible and New Testament •1. Clergy are: ministers, pastors, bishops Split into twopriests, sections: Old Testament and New Testament • House of worship: Church, Chapel, Cathedral 2. Has 66 books • Main day of worship: Sunday 3. Was the first book to be printed Origins and History • Founded in 33 AD • Founded in Israel/Palestine • Founded by Jesus Christ • Originally written in Aramaic and Greek • Within 60 years, churches • Major Split: in major cities in Palestine, – Catholic/Orthodox (1054 AD) Turkey, Greece, and Rome; entire Roman Empire by – Catholic/Protestant (1500s AD) the end of the 4th century. Religious Beliefs • Trinitarian Monotheism • Names of God: Yahweh, the Holy Trinity • The Bible is inspired, some believe inerrant in original languages • Humans have “Original Sin” inherited from Adam Religious Beliefs cont. • Salvation comes from correct belief, faith, good deeds (Faith Alone) • Predestination and varying forms of grace both play roles in salvation • Afterlife: – Good Afterlife: eternal heaven – Bad Afterlife: eternal hell, temporary purgatory (Catholicism) Christian View of Other Abrahamic Religions Judaism is a true religion, but with incomplete revelation. Islam is a false religion.