Transcript Main Ideas

JUDAISM
LESSON 3- JUDAISM OVER THE CENTURIES
Judaism over the Centuries
The Big Idea
Although they were forced out of Israel by the Romans,
shared beliefs and customs helped Jews
maintain their religion.
Main Ideas
• Revolt, defeat, and migration led to great changes in
Jewish culture.
• Because Jews settled in different parts of the world, two
cultural traditions formed.
• Jewish traditions and holy days celebrate their history and
religion.
MAIN IDEA 1:
REVOLT, DEFEAT, AND MIGRATION LED TO GREAT
CHANGES IN JEWISH CULTURE.
• The Zealots, a group of people who thought that Jews
shouldn’t answer to anyone but God, refused to answer to
the Romans and revolted.
• During the battles, the Second Temple was destroyed. The
Romans finally won in AD 73.
• The Romans killed much of the Jewish population as
punishment.
DESTRUCTION OF THE SECOND TEMPLE
A SECOND REVOLT
• Jews in Jerusalem revolted against the Romans in the
130s.
• After winning the second revolt, the Romans declared
that any Jew caught in or near the city would be killed.
This increased Jewish migration to the Mediterranean
region.
• Because the Jews no longer had a single temple in
which to worship, local synagogues and rabbis
became important in guiding their religious lives.
MAIN IDEA 2:
BECAUSE JEWS SETTLED IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE
WORLD, TWO CULTURAL TRADITIONS FORMED.
• Jewish communities in various parts of the world
developed different customs, including language
and rituals.
• One of the two traditions, Ashkenazim, is made up
of Jews who moved to France, Germany, and
eastern Europe.
• They developed their own language called
Yiddish.
MAIN IDEA 2:
BECAUSE JEWS SETTLED IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE
WORLD, TWO CULTURAL TRADITIONS FORMED.
• Another group of descendants, called the
Sephardim, lived in what is now Spain and
Portugal.
• They mixed with non-Jews, borrowing
elements from their culture and producing a
golden age of Jewish culture.
JEWISH MIGRATION AFTER AD 70
MAIN IDEA 3:
JEWISH TRADITIONS AND HOLY DAYS CELEBRATE
THEIR HISTORY AND RELIGION.
Hanukkah
Passover
• This holiday honors
the rededication of
the Second Temple.
• This is a time for
Jews to remember
the Exodus.
• It is celebrated by
lighting candles in
a menorah.
• They eat only flat
bread and have a
ritual meal called
the seder.
• The eight days
represent the
amount of time the
oil burned during
the rededication.
High Holy Days
• The first two days,
Rosh Hashanah,
celebrate the
beginning of the
Jewish new year.
• On Yom Kippur, the
most holy day,
they fast all day
and ask God for
forgiveness of their
sins.
• Video: Holiday Facts and Fun: Hanakkah