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Origins
 Abraham
is considered the
father of Judaism
Born around 1800 BCE in Ur
in Babylonia
 Began to believe in one god
instead of the many gods
worshipped throughout
Mesopotamia

*Monotheism!*
Origins
•
Abraham makes a covenant,
or agreement, with God
•
If Abraham will obey his
commands and leave his home
and family, God will bless and
protect him
•
Abraham has two children, his
son Isaac becomes the first
generation in the covenant,
Isaac’s grandchildren found the
12 tribes of Israel
•
God tests Abraham’s devotion
The Covenant
 The
Hebrews believed they were God’s
(Yahweh)chosen people because of the
covenant with Abraham
 Semi-nomadic lifestyle leads them to settle in
Egypt

Enslaved in Egypt and are led out of slavery by
Moses

The Exodus
The Search for a Promised Land
UR
Canaan 1800 bc
Exodus to Sinai Peninsula



Egypt 1650 bc
Canaan
Lived in the Fertile Crescent
word Canaan refers to Ancient Palestine
Abraham led the people to Canaan and his descendents
led the people to Egypt
The Ten Commandments
 Moses
receives the Torah from
God
 Includes the Ten
Commandments
 Ten Commandments become the
basis for code of ethical
behavior
...if you will obey my voice and
keep my covenant, you shall be
my own possession among all
peoples; for all the earth is
mine, and you shall be to me a
kingdom of priests and a holy
nation...
Sacred Texts
•
The Torah
First five books of the Bible
(Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus,
Numbers, Deuteronomy)
and the rest of the Tanakh
• “Old Testament” to Christians
•
•
The Talmud
•
The “oral Torah,” which
interprets the Torah
Important figures
•
Prophets are God’s
spokespeople
Can be male or female,
Jewish or non-Jewish
• Seen throughout the Torah
•
•
Abraham
•
•
covenant
Moses
•
Exodus, 10 Commandments
Important Figures

Saul


David


First king of Israel
King of Israel, warrior and
prophet
Solomon



David’s son, king of Israel
Makes Jerusalem the capital
of Israel
Holy Temple on Mount
Moriah (Solomon’s Temple)
Important People

David the humble shepherd who defeated Philistine
warrior Goliath and later became a strong king
Saul, David
and
Solomon
united
Hebrews
under a new
kingdom
called Israel.
Important People cont.


Solomon made Jerusalem into an impressive capital
Most powerful
In the Bible, Solomon prays to God for an
understanding mind, which God grants him.
Soon after, the story goes, two women and a
baby boy were brought before him. Each
woman claimed the baby was hers. After
hearing their testimony, Solomon declared
“Divide the living boy in two, then give half to
one and half to the other. One said, “Please
my lord, give her the living boy, certainly do
not kill him.” However, the other woman
accepted “It shall be neither mine nor yours,
divide it” Solomon knew that the woman who
would give up the child to save it was the real
mother.
Kingdom of Israel

Around 920 BCE:
Kingdom splits into
Israel in North and
Judah in South
End of the Kingdom
•
•
•
722 BCE Israel fell to
Assyrians
600 BCE: Temple of
Solomon destroyed
586 BCE Judah fell to
Babylon
•
King Nebuchadnezzar
forced Hebrews into
exile. During this time
they became known as
Jews.