Transcript Bell Quiz: Use pages 30-34

Bell Quiz: Use pages 30-34
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How did the geography of the Fertile Crescent differ
from that of Egypt?
Why were civilizations in the Fertile Crescent
frequently invaded?
How did Mesopotamia’s lack of natural boundaries
might have also been an advantage?
How did the Sumerian belief in an afterlife differ from
the Egyptians?
What were the main achievements of the Sumerian
civilization?
Bell Quiz Answers
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Not isolated by natural barriers.
Fertile lands and a lack of natural borders were
conducive to other civilizations invading the area.
The lack of natural borders allowed the people of the
Fertile Crescent to trade with other civilizations.
The Sumerians did not believe in rewards and
punishments after death. Their idea of an afterlife was
“dark.”
Cuneiform writing, the arch, the wheel, and math.
Chapter 2 Section 3 & 4 Terms: Add
these to your other terms
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Cuneiform
Ziggurats
City-State
Code of Hammurabi
Nebuchadnezzar
Zoroaster
Use pages 30-34 to identify the civilization
characteristics of the Fertile Crescent Valley
(Sumeria)
1) Surplus food:
2) Government:
3) Division of Labor:
4) Writing System:
5) Calendar:
Copy the Graphic Organizer below and use it to plot
the main achievements AND causes of decline of the
empires in the Fertile Crescent Valley. Use pages 3540.
Akkadians
Babylonians
Hittites
Assyrians
Chaldeans
Persian
Bell Quiz: Use pages 41-47
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5.
Why did the Phoenicians become traders?
Why were the Phoenicians more likely than some
ancient peoples to spread and borrow from other
cultures?
What modern religion did the ancient Hebrews
create?
What piece of land is believed to have been
promised to the Hebrews?
What is the name of the holy book (scripture) of
the Ancient Hebrews?
Bell Quiz Answers
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They lacked fertile land and the Labanon Mountains
made migration to the east difficult.
As traders they had more contact with other
peoples.
Judaism
Canaan
Torah
Does Yours Look Like This?
Akkadians
Babylonians
Hittites
Assyrians
Chaldeans
Persian
Established an empire
that stretched from
the Persian Gulf to the
Mediterranean Sea.
Code of Hammurabi:
Code of laws w/
harsh punishments
based on an “eye for
an eye.”
Smelted
Iron=advanced war
weapons.
Empire included all
of Mesopotamia,
Syria, Palestine, and
Egypt.
Rebuilt Babylon
and made it the
largest and
wealthiest city.
Capital: Ninevah.
Poor leadership
after King
Nebuchadnezzar’s
death.
Created the largest
and mightiest
empire up to that
time=India to
Turkey and as far
West as Egypt.
Invaded by
Babylonians and
conquered. City-States
were not united.
Empire was too
large to control.
War weapons were
no match for the
Hittites.
Used chariots and
cavalry in war.
Capital (Babylon)
was conquered.
Enslaved their
conquered people.
Civil War divides
empire=conquered
by outside invaders.
Tolerance: allowed
conquered people
to keep their
religion, laws, and
culture.
Built roads to
connect empire.
Zoroaster: good vs.
evil.You choose.
Poor leadership
after Xerxes.
Conquered by
Greece.
Phoenicians & Lydians
Phoenicians
Lydians
Location: Modern day Israel, Syria,
and Lebanon.
Lack of fertile land=sea traders.
Became the greatest traders in the
ancient world.
Formed colonies in Carthage (North
Africa), Italy, and Spain.
Lumber, metals products, objects
made of gold and silver, glassblowing,
dyed cloth (purple), fish, olive oil,
and wine.
Location: Western part of Turkey.
Were also sea traders.
1st people to coin money. A money
economy made trading easier because
it allowed traders to set prices for
goods and services. Also allowed
people to obtain the goods and
services they needed without having
to obtain a certain “product’ to trade.
Chapter 2 Section 6 terms
1. Covenant
2. Abraham
3. 12 Tribes of Israel
4. Moses
5. Exodus
6. Saul
7. David
8. Solomon
9. Torah
10. Judeo-Christian ethics
Judaism
• Abraham: founder of Hebrews. Lived in Sumer and led his
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people out of Sumer and through the Syrian Desert into
Canaan.
Believed that Canaan (Modern day Israel) was promised to
the Abraham and the Hebrews by their God (Yahweh).
Abraham has 2 sons: 1) the oldest Ishmael came from Hagar
(wife #2 and servant). 2) Isaac=came from wife #1 (Sarah).
Hagar and Ishmael are dismissed from the family and the
birthright goes to Isaac.
Ishmaelites=Modern day Arabs.
Isaac later has 2 twin sons: 1) Esau 2) Jacob
Isaac descendents are the modern day Jews.
Jacob and Esau are twin brothers. Jacob, who is younger,
buys the birthright and has 12 sons.
12 sons=12 Tribes of Israel.
Judaism
• Hebrews leave Canaan and go to Egypt due to a famine
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in the land. The Hebrews are originally accepted by the
Egyptians and given land.
Hebrews are enslaved when the Hyskos are kicked out
of Egypt. Hebrews will be enslaved for 400 years.
Hebrews leave Egypt under Moses (Exodus) and
wander around the Sinai Peninsula for 40 years.
Moses receives the 10 Commandments, moral laws,
while in the Sinai Peninsula.
Commandments 1-4: Establishes the Hebrews’
relationship w/ Yahweh.
Commandments 5-10: Emphasizes self restraint and
strong commitment to family.
Judaism
• The Hebrews agreed to follow these laws. A covenant, or
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promise, was made between the Hebrews and Yahweh.
Yahweh promised to give Canaan to the Hebrews as long as
they obeyed the 10 commandments.
Canaan was divided into 2 portions. Northern
Canaan=Canaanites. Southern Canaan=Philistines.
The 12 tribes unite under Saul for battle w/ the Canaanites
and the Philistines.
Hebrews acquire Northern Canaan by conquering the
Canaanites. Also get most of Southern Canaan by driving
the Philistines to the coast, but they don’t conquer the
Philistines.
The Hebrews name their kingdom Israel
Judaism
• David succeeds Saul and makes Jerusalem his capital.
• Solomon succeeds David. Jerusalem becomes rich and
powerful due to trade with Arabia.
• Solomon dies and the kingdom splits: 10 Northern
tribes=Kingdom named Israel with the city of Samaria
as the capital. 2 Southern tribes=Kingdom named
Judah with the city of Jerusalem as the capital.
• In 772 B.C. the Assyrians fulfill Biblical prophecy by
conquering Israel and enslave the Hebrews (Diasporo).
• In 587 B.C. the Chaldeans fulfill Biblical prophecy by
conquering Judah and destroy Jerusalem and its
temple. The Hebrews are enslaved.
Judaism
 Persian King Cyrus allows the Hebrews to return to
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Jerusalem to rebuild the temple.
Jews will remain scattered and lose their homeland until
1948 when the U.S. and its allies give the land of Israel to
the Jews. Palestinians (Muslim) are upset they had to leave
and their land was given to the Jews.
Torah=1st 5 books of the Old Testament is the Jewish holy
book.
Jews are monotheistic (Yahweh is their God).
Originally the Hebrews believed they should fear Yahweh,
but their religion changed over the years.
The Hebrews now believe that people have a choice
between good and evil. Individuals have free will and are
held responsible for their choices.
Judeo-Christian Ethics
 The Jewish religion emphasizes ethics, or proper conduct.
 Same ethical ideas carried over into Christianity when it was
created.
Chapter 2 Section 3-6 Review is on
the blog. Do it for Extra Credit and
turn it in on Monday (A Day classes) or
Tuesday (B Day classes).