Transcript Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt
NOTES 2
Review
• Geography
– ___________ – very rich soil
• Daily Life
– Most people were __________,___________, or
___________
– Writing system
– Wrote on tomb walls and papyrus rolls using
____________
– __________ Stone was the key to _____hieroglyphics
Religion
• Egyptians were ___________
• Each god or goddess were known for their
own specialties
– There are as many as _______gods and goddess's
Religion
• Sun gods
– Ra
• _____ _________
– ______________
• New Kingdom
• Land gods (__________)
– _________
– __________
• Middle Kingdom
MORE
Religion
• When you died, you were ____________
– Early ancient Egyptians would bury their dead in
sand pits, ____________________from the
natural dehydration
– Started to _____________________to protect
from wild animals, but bodies would decay
• Thus creating the process of mummification
Government
• The _________ was the
most important person
in Ancient Egypt
– __________ and
__________leader of
Egypt
Government
• As 'Lord of the Two Lands‘
(______ and
_______Egypt) the
pharaoh owned all of the
land, made laws,
collected taxes, and
defended Egypt against
foreigners.
• As ____________of Every
Temple', the pharaoh
represented the gods on
Earth. He performed
rituals and built temples
to honor the gods.
Old Kingdom
• 2650-2150 BC (Collapsed due to famine and lost of government confidence)
• _______________
– Preserve bodies for the afterlife
• Pharaohs
– Divine selection
– ________ (3rd) ________, ________ & ________ (4th)
• First pyramids constructed
– Step pyramids of Saqqara
– Great pyramid of _______
Middle Kingdom
•
•
•
•
•
2040-1640 BC
11th Dynasty- 14th Dynasty
Rule extended from ________ to __________
Considered the “Golden Age”
____________ II ruled from Thebes in Upper
Egypt.
• Hyksos move the __________ to the Nile Delta
• Introduction of ____________
New Kingdom
•
•
•
•
•
•
1540-1070 BC
__________ Leader
_________- first ______ ruler in history
Akhenaten- first _____________
___________- tomb discovered in 1922
__________- the mightiest and most __________
Greco-Roman Period
• Assyrian ruled from 664-653 BC
• Nectanebo II- last Egyptian king
• Alexander inherits the throne and founded
Alexandria
• General Ptolemy
–
–
–
–
–
Welcomed immigrants
Encouraged Greek-speaking aristocracy
Built the first lighthouse
Embraced the culture of brother-sister marriage
Opened the cities up to become more Hellenistic
Egyptian Culture Weakened
• Cleopatra ruled 51-30 BC
– Lived with eastern Roman ruler Mark Anthony
– Overtaken by western Roman ruler, Octavian
(nephew of Julius Caesar)
• 27 BC- Octavian took the title of Augustus and
became first Roman Emperor