Transcript - erc

nadyaaMcyaa KaooáyaatIla saMskRtI
nadyaaMcyaa Kaoáyaat ipNyaasaazI va isaMcanaasaazI
maubalak paNaI ]plabQa
Asalyaanao tsaoca SaotIsaazI saupIk jamaIna AaiNa
pSaupalanaasaazI kurNao
]plbaQa Asalyaanao sava- p`acaIna saMskRtIMcaa ]dya AaiNa
ivakasa nadyaaMcyaa
Kaoryaat Jaalaa .
]da: [ijaPt..naa[-la nadIcyaa Kaoáyaat
[rak ..tOiga`sa nadIcyaa Kaoáyaat
caIna ..yaaMga%sao nadIcyaa Kaoáyaat
[ijaiPSyana saMskRtI :
mah<vaacao mau_o
1.naa[-la nadIcao mah<va.
2.Aaiqa-k jaIvana.
3.samaaja vyavasqaa.
4.samaaja jaIvana.
5.rajyavyavasqaa.
6.klaa va iva&ana.
7.Qama-klpnaa.
Herodotus
The 5th-century bc
Greek historian
Herodotus traveled
extensively
throughout the
Mediterranean
world, observing the
different peoples he
encountered.
When writing about
Egypt, he discussed
the pyramids.
[ijaPt : p`mauK eoithaisak izkaNao
Rosetta Stone
A French officer of Napoleon’s
engineering corps found this
stone near the city of Rashîd
(Rosetta), Egypt, in 1799.
Known as the Rosetta Stone, it
provided the key to the translation
of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.
The Rosetta Stone, inscribed in
196 bc, contains the same
message—a decree praising the
Egyptian King Ptolemy V—carved
in three different scripts: Egyptian
hieroglyphs, Egyptian demotic, and
Greek.
Scholars deciphered the
hieroglyphic and demotic versions
by comparing them to the Greek
translation
raoJaoTa yaoqaIla iSalaalaoK
[.sa.1798: f`oMca saonaanaI
naopaoilayana baaonaapaT- yaanao
[ijaPtvar svaarI kolaI.
%yaacyaa saOinakaMnaa raoJaoTa
yaoqao ha iSalaalaoK saapDlaa.
iSalaalaoK hayaraoiglaifk ilapIt Aaho.
yaa iSalaalaoKa KalaI majakUracao
ga``IkBaaYaaMtr Aaho
%yaamauLo hI ilapI vaacata AalaI.
fo`Mca Saas~& Sa^mpaoilana yaanao
yaa ilapIcaI ]kla kolaI.
yaa SaaoQaanao [ijaPtcyaa
saMskRtIivaYayaI ivapula
[ijaPtmaQaIla rajyakto-
f^rao
[ijaPtmaQaIla laaok rajaalaa
f^rao mhNat.
%yaalaa saUya-pu~ maanat, .
tao rajyap`mauK tsaoca Qamap`mauK haota.
rajaalaa madtIsaazI vairYz
maMDL Asao.
kamao
QarNao baaMQaNao
kalavao kaZNao
SaotIcyaa isaMcanaacaI
P`aacaIna [ijaP%a maQaIla s~I rajyak%yaa-
raNaI haTSaosauT
jagaatIla pihlaI s~I rajyaktI-
raNaI naoif`iTTI
iva#yaat p`Saasak
Nefertiti


This painted
limestone bust of
the ancient
Egyptian queen
Nefertiti dates from
about 1350 bc
(Staatliche
Museen, Berlin).
Wife of Akhenaton,
Nefertiti supported
and assisted her
husband in
implementing new
religious
ceremonies during
the mid-14th
century bc.
Aamaonahaotop :
Qama-sauQaark va SaaMtIcaa purskta-
raNaI haTSaosaUT
samaaja vyavasqaa :
[ijaPt maQaIla samaaja tIna p`mauK vagaa-t
ivaBaagalaolaa haota.
Paihlaa vaga- : rajaa va %yaacao naatovaa[-k, , Qamagau$saamaMt ,]ccapdsqa
dusara vaga- : vyaaparI ,vaastuiSalpI , klaakar , vaOV ,
[trbauiwjaIvaI ,
itsara vaga- : karagaIr , SaotkrI , majaUr ,
yaaiSavaaya samaajaat gaulaama va
yauWkOVaMcaa maaoza vaga- haota.
itsaryaa vagaa-tIla laaokaMnaa va gaulaamaaMnaa sa@tInao
samaaja vyavasqaa :
tIna vagaa-tIla
laaokaMcao jaIvana
Paihlyaa daona vagaa-tIla
jaIvana
itsaryaa vagaa-tIla laaokaMnaa
samaRQd haoto.
va gaulaamaaMnaa sa@tInao
ipr^imaD ,kalavao ,rsto tyaar
krNao [.kamao krNyaasaazI
rabavaUna Gaot Asat.
laaokjaIvana
kuTuMba samaajaacaa maUlaBaUt
GaTk.
is~yaaMnaa samaajaat mah%%vaacao
sqaana
saMp%tIcaa vaarsaa Aa[-kDUna
maulaIkDo jaat Asao.
is~yaa va pu$Ya daoGaohI ivaivaQa
AlaMkaracaa SarIr sauSaaoBanaasaazI
krIt Asat.
kMzhar ,kNa-BaUYaNao , r%najaDIt
baaMgaDyaa ,AMgazyaa [.AlaMkar
laaokp`Iya haoto.
P`aacaIna [ijaPt maQaIla manaaorMjanaaca
caamaDyaacao ikMvaa gavatacao
caoMDU
maatIcyaa va laakDacyaa
baahulyaa hI maulaaMcaI KoLNaI
haotI.
maaozI maaNasao bauQdIbaL ,pT
[.baOzo KoL KoLt Asat.
Hockey
Ancient Egyptians played a
game that is similar to our
present-day hockey.
Drawings on tombs at Beni
Hassan in Menia


.
Archery was a well-known sport in
Ancient Egypt .In the 21st century
BC King Amenhotep II boasted that
he pierced the middle of a thick
brass target with four arrows. He
then set a prize for anyone who
could do the same.ypt
There are many drawings of scenes of
fishing hobbySaqqara tombs
marathon
Tug of War
One of the ancient Egyptian
History records that the Pharaoh,
together with those who were born on
the same day of his birth, participated
in hectic marathons. No one was
allowed to have a meal before covering
180 stages of his race.
plates at the "Marorika tomb"
mauiYTyauQdo
tomb of "Mery Ra"
saMgaIt
naaOkaivahar
[tr KoL
]Mca}DI
naomabaajaI
Baalaafok
Baarao%taolana
jalatrNa
Aaiqa-k jaIvana
SaotI ha Aaiqa-k
jaIvanaacaa payaa
haota
SaotIsaazI laakDacaa
]pyaaoga krIt
gahU ,saatU ,kaMdo
,vaaTaNao ,kapUsa,
fLo , Baajyaa
hI mah%%vaacaI
[tr vyavasaaya
maasaomaarI ,kuMBaarkama
,sautarkama ,
baaMQakama ,ivaNakama
,jahajabaaMQaNaI ,
[ijaPtmaQaIla laaok kapUsa va
tagaacyaa
QaagyaapasaUna
AitSayamaulaayama kapD
kuMBaarkama
period (5000 bc-3000 bc)
ceramic pieces have been made
along the Nile for more than 7,000
years.
[ijaiPSayana klaa
sqaap%ya klaa :ipr^imaD
iSalpklaa : isfM@sa , maMidro ,
ica`~klaa : maatIcaI BaaMDI, ,kacaocyaa vastU ,
maMidro ,ipr^imaDcyaa iBaMtI [. var
laoKnaklaa:
ppayarsa pasaUna
kagad.kajaLI ,iDMk
,paNaI yaapasaUna
Saa[-saurvaatIsa
ica~ilapIcaa vaapr.
[ijaiPSayana sqaap%ya klaa :
ipr^imaD
video
Click here to play video
gaIJaa
ipr^imaD
dgaDaMcyaa p`caMD iSaLa ekmaokaMvar rcaUna Anaok maaozI
dalanao
Asalaolyaa i~kaoNaakRtI Bavya [maartI
maQya dalanaat maRt SarIr zovalaolao Asao.
maR%yaUnaMtr dfnaasaazI rajao va EaImaMt laaok Asao ipr^imaD
baaMQat.
igaJaa yaoqaIla ipr^imaD
[.sa.pU.29maQyao ha KufU rajaacaa savaa-t Bavya
ipr^imaDbaaMQalaa gaolaa.
ek laaK maaNasao satt vaIsa vaYao- kama krIt haotI.
ipr^imaD caI AMtga-t rcanaa
ipr^imaDsaazI laagaNaaryaa p`caMD iSaLa yaaca isanaa[-cyaa DaoM
Mount Sinai
At 2,637 m (8,652 ft), the top of Mount Sinai offers a spectacular view of
the surrounding jagged peaks and steep slopes

The Bent Pyramid, constructed in Egypt during the reign of King Sneferu
(2575 bc-2551 bc), was constructed in two stages. In the first stage, the
architects built the walls at an angle of 55 degrees. Then they
encountered structural problems and flattened the angle to 43 degrees.
The pyramid’s unusual shape gave it its name.
Step Pyramid,
Şaqqārah
The Step Pyramid
of King Djoser
was built during
the 3rd Dynasty at
Şaqqārah, Egypt.
It was designed by
the architect
Imhotep. The
pyramid was the
first monumental
royal tomb and is
one of the oldest
stone structures in
Egypt.
Pyramid of Khafre at Giza

The Pyramid of
Khafre was built
as the final resting
place of the
pharaoh Khafre
and is about 136
m (446 ft) high.
Located on the west bank of the Nile River on the outskirts of Cairo,
the pyramids at Giza, Egypt, rank as some of the best-known
monuments in the world.
This dig, near the Great Pyramid at Giza, uncovered a cemetery for
many of the workers who built the pyramid..
iSalpklaa : isfM@sa , maMidro ,
ipr^imaD samaaorIla isfM@sa
isfM@sa mhNajao maanavaI caohra va isaMhacao SarIr
AbaUisaMbala yaoqaIla dgaDat kaorlaolao rajaaMcao Ba
putLo hI iSalpklaocaI ]dahrNao haoya.
karna^k yaoqaIla maMidracyaa kaorIva Bavya stMBaaM
SaMBar maaNasao ]BaI rahU Saktat.
Giza's Sphinx and the Great Pyramids
The mysterious Sphinx, with its lion's body and man's head, and the
perfect symmetry of the pyramids at Giza are world-renowned
symbols of Egypt's ancient heritage.
Great Sphinx
More than 4000
years old, the Great
Sphinx of Giza is the
most famous
emblem of ancient
Egypt.
video
T304573a.wmv
AbauisaMbala
Ramses II
Ramses II devoted
his reign to building
great monuments
such as the Great
Hall of the Temple of
Amon at Al Karnak
and many of the
temples at Abū
Simbel.
Temple at Al Karnak, Egypt
The group of temples at Al Karnak were built over a period of
approximately 1,500 years. Some of the most important additions
were made by Thutmose III, who ruled Egypt during the 1400s bc
.
Hypostyle Hall, Temple of Amon at Karnak
The hypostyle hall at the Temple of Amon in Karnak, Egypt,
has more than 100 columns, each more than 20 m (70 ft)
high. The hall was built during the reign of Ramses II in the
1200s bc.
Luxor Temple
Thebes,
ancient capital
of Egypt, was
the site of the
Luxor Temple.
Temple of Hatshepsut
The temple of
Hatshepsut is a rockcut tomb and mortuary
temple built in the 15th
century bc at Dayr al
Baḩrī near Thebes..
The surrounding area
was planted with trees
and flowers during
Hatshepsut’s reign and
for many years after.
This relief, from the 5th
Dynasty (2465 bc-2323
bc), shows the
deceased seated at a
table stacked with
offerings of food.
.
Death Mask of
Tutankhamun
The death mask of
Egyptian pharaoh
Tutankhamun is made of
gold inlaid with colored
glass and semiprecious
stone. The mask comes
from the innermost
mummy case in the
pharaoh’s tomb, and
stands 54 cm (21 in) high.


Egyptian Mummy
The ancient Egyptians
are believed to be the
first people to practice
embalming, in which a
dead body is artificially
preserved to retard the
decaying process. The
Egyptians believed that
it was necessary to
preserve a body in order
to allow the soul to
survive.
British archaeologist
Howard Carter, left,
and an unidentified
assistant examine an
Egyptian mummy
inside an ornate
sarcophagus. Carter’s
major discoveries
include the tombs of
Thutmose IV, Queen
Hatshepsut, and
Tutankhamun.
haTSaosaUT raNaIcaI
•This mummy is the body of gender-bending female
pharaoh Hatshepsut, who ruled ancient Egypt as both
queen and king nearly 3,500 years ago, archaeologists
announced today.
[ijaiPSyana Qama-klpna
Osiris and Anubis
Egyptian mythological figure
Osiris lived in the fabled
underworld as the ruler of the
dead
In Egyptian mythology, Isis is
the goddess of motherhood
and fertility
temple of Isis, Memphis
Egyptian Goddess
Selket
Gold leaf covers this
statue of the goddess
Selket, found in the
tomb of King
Tutankhamun of Egypt.
Selket, the goddess
who heals bites and
stings, is portrayed as
a beautiful woman with
a scorpion on her
head. Gold leaf is
made by hammering
solid gold metal until it
is very thin.
Cat Goddess
This bronze figure with
inlaid blue-glass eyes
dates from Egypt’s Late
Period (712-332 bc

In this sunken relief sculpture
(carved into the surface of the
stone), Akhenaton is shown
making an offering to Aton,
who is depicted as a solar
disk..
Horus was the god of
sky, light, and goodness.
He is often depicted as a
falcon or with a falcon’s
head. Pharoahs were
associated with Horus.
The Egyptian god Ptah was,
among other things, patron of
the arts and of artisans.
Anubis and the Mummy
The ancient Egyptians believed that
their god of the dead, Anubis, was the
inventor of embalming
Amon-Ra, Father of the Gods
appears
frequently in
ancient Egyptian
hieroglyphs and
art. For the
Egyptians, the
ankh sign
represented life.


Temple at Luxor
The ancient Egyptian temple at Luxor
on the east bank of the Nile River was
built to honor the gods. Begun in the
1200s bc, it was added to by each
succeeding dynasty. The use of
colossal statues and obelisks was a
standard for all Egyptian temples at
that time. This temple was connected
to the temple at Al Karnak by a street
about 3.5 km (2 mi) long, lined with
hundreds of sphinxes. Once a year the
image of the god Amon was
transported by barge from Al Karnak to
Luxor, as part of a huge festival.

dated about 1400 bc, during


Section of the Egyptian Book of the Dead
The Egyptian Book of the Dead was a text containing prayers,
spells, and hymns, the knowledge of which was to be used by the
dead to guide and protect the soul on the hazardous journey
through the afterlife. Beginning in the 18th Dynasty, the Book of the
Dead was inscribed on papyrus.
1
2
4
3

The Egyptians not the ancient
Greeks - were the
true founders of
medicine,
according to a
study that
pushes back the
origins of healing
by at least a
millennium.
Imhotep is now
regarded as the
father of
medicine.
hayaraoiglaifk ilapItIla majakUr