Transcript Ancient Egyptian Civilization - Cuyahoga Falls City School District

ANCIENT
EGYPTIAN
CIVILIZATION
MISS LYNCH
6 TH GRADE SOCIAL STUDIES
CHAPTER 4 LESSON 3 IN THE WORLD TEXT
THE BIG PICTURE
Neighboring cultures were growing while Egyptian
civilization was spreading along the Nile.
• To the north, people in Europe were developing the islands
and peninsulas across the Mediterranean Sea.
• To the west, Africans were finding ways to survive in the harsh
desert environment of the Sahara.
• To the south, the kingdoms of Nubia had gold mines and
trade networks that made the kingdom thrive.
• Asian communities that were large and small on the east,
were forming today’s countries of Israel, Jordan, Lebanon,
Syria, and Iraq.
THE BIG PICTURE
Trade and movement of people and ideas helped shape
development in all of the cultures.
Each culture exchanged resources, products, and ideas.
NEW RULERS IN
EGYPT
When the Old Kingdom collapsed, a new era of Egyptian
history began.
• Egypt’s Middle Kingdom took place about 2100 BC through
1700 BC.
When the pharaoh’s armies conquered kingdoms in Nubia
they made use of gold mines.
• The name of this country may come from the Egyptian word
for “nub,” meaning gold.
NEW RULERS IN
EGYPT
During this time, people began moving.
• Egyptian traders increased their business with cities in
western Asia, so people from Asia came to live in Egypt’s
delta region.
• By 1650 BC these new settlers, called Hyksos, challenged the
pharaoh.
The Greek phrase for Hyksos is “rulers of hill lands.”
• This group ruled Lower Egypt for the next 100 years.
NEW RULERS OF
EGYPT
The weapons these people use to defeat Egyptian armies in
battle:
• Horses, chariots, strong bronze weapons, bows, and arrows.
Egyptian leaders at Thebes continued to control Upper
Egypt.
In 1550 BC Pharaoh Ahmose and the Egyptians regained
control of the delta from the Hyksos by using weapons and
chariots that they copied from the Hyksos.
The New Kingdom began when the Hyksos were defeated.
• Pharaoh Ahmose and later pharaohs vowed they would
become the strongest military power in the world by never
letting any outsiders control any part of Egypt.
EXPANSION AND
TRADE
During the New Kingdom period, Egypt’s leaders worked
hard to win back the lands lost in wars.
• They took control of an area that is now the country of Israel,
and pushed as far as the Euphrates River.
• Empire: a group of lands and people ruled by one
government.
EXPANSION AND
TRADE
Country
Goods
Greece
Silver, olive oil.
Lebanon
Silver, copper, timber, wine.
Egypt
Grain, bronze goods, papyrus,
linen, jewelry.
Nubia
Gold.
Kush
Ebony, ivory, animal hides, gold,
copper, and precious stones.
Punt
Gold, perfume, ivory, incense,
apes.
EXPANSION AND
TRADE
Treasures moved from Kush to Egypt by caravans of men
and pack animals.
• Soldiers that traveled w/ the trading caravans kept Egypt’s
pharaoh’s treasures safe.
Large castle-like forts scared away robbers along the upper
Nile.
Products such as furniture and jewelry were made from raw
materials by Egyptian craft workers for Egypt’s pharaoh and
wealthy families.
EXPANSION AND
TRADE
Egyptian’s traveled from Egypt to Punt when they used both
the Nile River and land travel.
HAT-SHEP-SUT
Hatshepsut was the name of one of Egypt’s few female
rulers.
• Hatshepsut means, “foremost of the noble ladies.”
She became pharaoh because her husband died and she
declared her brother too young to rule on his own.
Expedition: A group of people who go on a trip for a set
reason.
HATSHEPSUT
Hatshepsut traded jewelry,
papyrus, and bronze
weapons w/ the country of
Punt.
• Hatshepsut’s scribes, soldiers,
artists, and attendants brought
back from Punt gold, perfume,
ivory, live apes, leopard skins,
and rare incense trees.
Hatshepsut’s expedition
lasted 2 years, they
traveled by ship and land.
MOVING IDEAS
Ideas, trade goods, and skills spread as Egypt trades with
other countries.
• Egyptians became well known for their understanding of:
• Medicine, mathematics, and astronomy.
Priests learned their skills in temple schools.
• The first medical textbooks were written by scribes when
writing was invented.
• The textbooks told doctors how to cure illness, stitch together
cuts, and set broken bones.
MOVING IDEAS
Wounds were cured by moldy bread and upset stomachs by
chamomile.
Egyptian priests developed mathematical rules.
MOVING IDEAS
The “stars that know no rest” are known to us as the planets.
The “meetings of the Sun and Moon” which created darkness
are called eclipses.
The 2 inventions we use today that were created by the
ancient Egyptians were the:
• 365 day calendar
• The scale
TUTANKHAMEN’S
TOMB
Located in the Valley of the Kings
• The resting place of 30 New Kingdom pharaohs
Tutankhamen ruled Egypt from the time he was 9 until he
died at the age of 19.
Tutankhamun’s tomb remained untouched for over 3,000
years.
TUTANKHAMEN’S
TOMB
The tomb was discovered in 1922 by two British
archaeologists named Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon.
The artifacts found in his tombs, including the clothes teach
us about how the ancient Egyptians really looked like.