Transcript Egyptians #2

Ancient Kingdoms of Egypt
Nile River
The Old Kingdom (2660-2180 B.C.)
1.
Rulers of ancient Egypt were called pharaohs, a
god like figure on Earth. The Egyptians had
over 31 dynasties of pharaohs spanning 2,800
years.
2. Believed in ka, an eternal spirit that ruled even
after death.
3. Pyramids= elaborate burial
chambers; pharaoh’s home after death.
Built by peasants to glorify their king.
80 built during this time period.
4. First Illness: 2180-2080 B.C.
(unhappy time period because of
warfare and famine)
Middle Kingdom (2080-1640 B.C.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Capital is moved from Memphis to Thebes.
Projects= canal, dikes, farmland
Began to believe that commoners had a common
soul.
Second Illness= (1640-1570 B.C.) conquered by
Asian nomads known as the Hyksos.
A. Learned how to make bronze, use chariots,
spin and weave.
B. 1600 B.C.- powerful rulers to overtake the
Hyksos; Queen Ahhotep takes over and
Kamose drives the Hyksos out of Egypt.
New Kingdom (1570-1075 B.C.)
1.
2.
18th dynasty (1570-1365) set up professional
army and established the blue crown, a battle
shaped type helmet.
Egyptians & Hittites=
treaty made to coexist
after Battle of Kadesh.
Egyptian Rulers
1.
Hatshepsut became the1st female pharoah in
1478 B.C., ruled 22 years encouraging trade
instead of war.
2. Thutmose III, stepson of
Hatshepsut, expanded the
territory and wealth of the
empire greater than any other
time throughout Egypt.
Egyptian Rulers
3.
Egypt’s last great pharaoh was Ramses II.
A. Reigned 67 years, lived until the age of 99.
B. Created the temple to Amon at Karnak,
Egypt’s chief god.
Egyptian Accomplishments
1. The development of hieroglyphics
and papyrus, as well as a number
system.
2. Started the process of geometry
by surveying land. Based their
calendar on the star Sirius
creating a 365 day calendar with
30 days per month.
3. Were the most famous doctors
in the ancient world; first to use
medicine for broken bones, wounds,
and fevers.
Religious Beliefs & Practices
1.
2.
3.
4.
Maat= Idea of justice,
right, truth, and order.
Osiris= god of the dead
who judged individuals.
Priests had a great
amount of power over
people.
Mummification= process
used to preserve
bodies, given the Book of
the Dead for afterlife.
Religious Contributions
1. Amenhotep IV was polytheist and
then stated Aton (sun-god) was the only
true god, so he changed his name to
Akhenaton. Commanded Egyptians to
stop the worship of many gods.
2. Tutankhamon restored
capital to Thebes and
ordered all things to
Aton be destroyed. Took the
throne at the age of 9 and
returned things to original
state.
Fall of the Egyptians
1.
1200 B.C.= invaded by “the People of the Sea”
2.
751 B.C.= Nubian Kingdom called Kush
conquered Egypt.
671 B.C.= Assyrians pushed the Nubians aside
and gained control of Egypt.
3.
4.
Around 500 B.C.= Persians conquer Egypt
Fall of the Egyptians
5. In 331 B.C., Alexander the
Great of Greece conquered the
Egyptians ending 3,000 years of
dynasties.
6. However, Nubian culture
continued to grow
throughout the region.