Transcript Slide 1
True True False True Location Egypt is located all along the Nile River. Ancient Egypt was isolated by deserts to the east and west of the Nile river and by mountains to the south of the Nile river. This isolation forced Egypt to develop by it’s self without any human influence. The Nile River The Nile river is over 4000 miles long is actually the longest river in the world. Water would run down the mountains into the river and it would flood every spring. Fertile soil was left behind when the flood water retreated. The Nile provided water for drinking and bathing. The Nile helped make transportation and trade faster and easier. Papyrus weeds grew along the Nile’s shores. These papyrus weeds were used to make paper, building materials and clothes. The Nile river was very useful in Ancient Egypt. History TimeLine 3100 BC- The beginning of the Egyptian civilization, the first Egyptian Dynasty was founded by King Menes. 3100 BC-2950 BC- Egypt was being ruled by the first and second dynasties, hieroglyphics were being used, Memphis became the capital of Egypt, The first dynasty’s king was considered to be Hor-Aha. 2950 BC-2575 BC- The first pyramid was built at Saqqara and built for a third dynasty king- king Zoser. 2575 BC-2150 BC- During the Old Kingdom at Giza and Dahshur the pyramids of Egypt were built, The final ruler of the fifth dynasty King Unas had, in his pyramid, the burial chamber inscribed with spells that were for the after life. These may be called the Pyramid Texts. 2125 BC-1975 BC- A collapse of the Egyptian central government during the ninth, tenth and eleventh dynasties. 1975 BC-1640 BC- The time period of the eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth dynasties, the middle Kingdom’s pharaoh Amenemhet overthrew Mentuhotep III. 1630 BC-1520 BC- The time period of the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth dynasties, from Asia, Hyksos people moved into the Delta and showed the chariot to the Egyptians, the Hykos were eventually expelled from Egypt by Ahmose. 1400s BC- Egypt ruled the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea because of military expeditions. 1539 BC-1075 BC- The time period of the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth dynasties, the tombs of the valley of kings were being built, Ramesses II, Tuthmosis, Tutankhamun, Akhenaten and Hatshepsut were all pharoahs during this time period, a new religious order worshipping Aten the sun god was created by King Akhenaten, an army was developed, the final ruler of the new kingdom was Ramesses XI. 1075 BC-715 BC- The time period of the twenty-first to the twenty-fifth dynasties, Egypt was conquered by the Nubians. 715 BC-332 BC- The time period of the twentieth to the thirtyeth dynasties, in 525 BC Egypt was conquered by Persians that were led by Cambyses II. 332 BC- Egypt is conquered by Alexander the Great, Ptolemy, Alexander’s general, becomes kind and forms a dynasty, during this dynasty the spread of Greek culture took place throughout Egypt, the city of Alexandria was formed and had a lighthouse and a library. 196 BC- The Rosetta Stone was carved. 51 BC-30 BC- Cleopatra VII rules and became Julius Caesar’s mistress and they had a boy named Octavian. 37 BC- The marriage of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII takes place. 31 BC- In the sea Battle of Actium, Cleopatra and Antony were defeated by Octavian, Cleopatra and Antony both committed suicide. 30 BC- The Roman Empire gets a new province- Egypt. 384 AD- The adherence to Christianity was ordered by Theodosius. 395 AD- Egypt became part of the Byzantine Empire and the Roman empire split into west and east. 642 AD- Egypt became a part of the Islamic Empire and Alexandria was captured by Arabs. 868-969- Egypt is ruled by the Ikhshidid and the Tulunid dynasty. 969- Egypt was seized by Fatimid rulers and Al-Qahirah, an Egyptian city, was founded by the Fatimid rulers. Religion The ancient Egyptians were polytheistic. Some of the gods the ancient Egyptians worshipped were Horus, Osiris, Isis, Seth, Ra and Anubis. The ancient Egyptians sacrificed animals as a way of worshiping the gods. The Egyptians believed that their pharaoh was a god. The ancient Egyptians believed that Anubis would weigh someone’s soul, when they died, against a feather to see if that person’s soul was heavier, with bad deeds, than the feather. If it was, that person would be punished. In 323 BC Ptolemy took control of Egypt. Because of this, Egyptians worshiped some Greek gods along with worshipping their original gods. In 30 BC Romans took over Egypt and Egyptians began worshipping some Roman gods as well. Some Egyptians converted to Christianity. In the late 600s AD, Islam arrived. Many Egyptians converted to Islam. Most people in Egypt have followed Islam since 700 AD. Government Ancient Egypt was a theocracy. The pharaoh was believed to be a god and controlled Egypt. Priests in Ancient Egypt were important and had a high status. Ancient Egyptians payed taxes in labor and goods. There was a labor tax called corvèe. In order for Egyptians to pay this tax they were forced to do labor and drafted into the army. Monuments One famous pyramid that the ancient Egyptians built is the Great Pyramid at Giza. Approximately 2,300,000 limestone blocks make up this pyramid. About 2.5 tons is the average weight of each block. The weight of over fifteen tons is the weight of the heaviest blocks. There are other pyramids that the ancient Egyptians built. At Giza there is another amazing monument called the Great Sphinx. True or False False 7. Most people in Egypt have followed Christianity since 700 AD. _____ True 8. The first Egyptian pyramid was built at Saqqara. _____ 9. About 3.5 tons is the average weight of each block in the Great False Pyramid of Giza. _____ False 10. The Nile river is over 5000 miles long. _____