Transcript mental retardation

MENTAL DISORDERS
Department of Pediatrics
Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital
CLASSIFICATION OF CHILDHOOD
MENTAL DISORDERS
• The American Psychiatric Association's
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders ( DSM-IV ) provides a standardized
classification system.
Categories of Childhood Mental
Disorders
• Mental Retardation
• Leaning Disorders
• Motor Skills Disorders
• Communication Disorder
• Pervasive Developmental Disorder
广泛性发育障碍
• (ADHD) Attention-deficit and
Disruptive Behavior Disorder
• Feeding and Eating Disorder of Infancy
or Early Childhood 婴幼儿期喂养及进食障碍
• Tic Disorder
抽动障碍
• Elimination Disorder
排泄障碍
• Other Disorder
MENTAL RETARDATION
• Mental retardation (MR) is defined as (1) significantly
sub-average general intellectual functioning-- an
intelligence quotient (IQ) of 70 below, (2) deficits in
adaptive functioning-the ability of an individual to meet
the standards expected for his or her age by his or her
cultural group, and (3) age at time of diagnosis (less
than 18 years of age).
• Approximately 1% to 2% of child in the world are
mentally retarded.
• The incidence in male is higher than in female.
• Mild Mental Retardation
Mild Mental Retardation About 75% -80% of
mentally retarded children fall into this category. A
child's IQ is between 55 and 70. The category is
equivalent to the educational category "educable".
• Moderate Mental Retardation
Moderate Mental Retardation Children in
this category have IQ between 40 and 54 and
have About 12% of mentally retarded
children The category is equivalent to the
educational category " trainable".
• Severe Mental Retardation
Severe Mental Retardation Children in this
group have an IQ between 25 and 39. About
8% of mentally retarded children fall into this
category.
• Profound Mental Retardation
Profound Mental Retardation About 1%-5%
of mentally retarded children fall into this
category. The IQ of this group of children is
below 24.
Assessment
• Child care workers play a major role in
identifying mentally retarded children through
history taking, observation, and
developmental screening during early
childhood.
• In the newborn and early infancy period, few
signs are present, with the exception of various
syndromes that have distinctive features.
• Many mentally retarded children are not
diagnosed with the condition until they reach
school age, particularly if the condition is mild or
moderate.
• Delayed developmental milestones are the
major clues to mental retardation. Early
intervention, however, can help to enhance
the child's functioning later.
• A child should receive regular developmental
assessment, such developmental screening tests.
• A functional assessment of the child should include
toileting, dressing, and feeding skills.
• The child's language, sensory, and psychomotor
functioning is also assessed.
• Principle of Treatment
• Diagnosis
• Intervention
Prevent Mental Retardation
• Primary prevention
• Secondary prevention
• Tertiary prevention
AUTISTIC DISORDER
• Autistic disorder is a complex childhood
disorder marked by serious distortions in
psychologic functioning, the disorder is
characterized by severe and pervasive
impairment in reciprocal social interaction
and
communication
skills,
usually
accompanied by stereotypical behavior,
interests, and activities.
Assessment
• Initial
assessment
focuses
on
language
development, response to others, and hearing
acuity, and it is necessary to assess severe
and pervasive impairment.
• Principle of Treatment
• Diagnosis
• Intervention
(ADHD) ATIENIION-DEFICII
HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
• Children with ADHD show an inappropriate
degree of inattention, impulsiveness, and
hyperactivity.
• ADHD occurs in various cultures and is
difficult to diagnose before 5 years of age.
• Etiology and Pathogenesis
• Assessment
• Principle of Treatment
• Diagnosis
• Intervention
ANXIETY DISORDERS OF
CHILDHOOD OR ADOLESCENCE
EATING DISOROERS
•
Pica
•
Anorexia Nervosa
神经性厌食
•
Bulimia Nervosa
神经性贪食
TOURETTE'S SYNDROME
多发性抽动症
• A tic is an involuntary, recurrent, random, rapid,
highly stereotyped movement or vocalization.
•
Motor tics
•
Verbal tics
•
Coexisting symptoms
ELIMINATION DISORDERS
排泄障碍
• Functional Encopresis
• Functional Enuresis
功能性遗粪
功能性遗尿