Transcript Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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1.) Therapy is only for “crazy” people
2.) All Therapists used same technique seen in
movies
3.) Therapy leads to a single dramatic insight
that cures client
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How was the idea of therapy created?
◦ Story of Anna O.
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15% of U.S. population
Common reasons- anxiety, depression,
relationship difficulties, poor self-control,
destructive habits, low self-esteem, marital
conflicts
Unfortunately many who need therapy don’t
receive it (or if they do, there is a delay)
◦ Why?
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Psychologists:
◦ Clinical Psychologists – Training emphasizes treatment of full
fledged disorders
◦ Counseling Psychologists – Slanted towards treatment of
everyday adjustment problems in normal people
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Psychiatrists: Physicians who specialize in diagnosis
and treatment of psychological disorders.
◦ M.D.
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Difference between these individuals and counselors
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1.) Insight Therapies- Clients engage in lengthy
verbal discussions with therapists
◦ Psychoanalysis, Client Centered Therapy, Group Therapy
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2.) Behavior Therapies- This therapy involves direct
efforts to alter problematic responses and bad
habits
◦ Systematic Desensitization, Flooding, Aversion Therapy,
Social Skills Training, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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3.) Biomedical Therapies- Therapy that
manipulates physiology to improve functioning
◦ Drugs, shock therapy
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Psychoanalysis – Developed by Freud
◦ Emphasizes recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives,
and defenses
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Techniques:
◦ Free Association – Clients Spontaneously express
thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur, with as
little censorship as possible.
 Demo
◦ Dream Analysis – Therapist interprets symbolic
meaning of clients dreams
◦ Rorschach Test- Therapist interprets clients responses
to vague inkblot pictures.
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Resistance – Individuals sometimes use defensive
maneuvers (largely unconscious) to hinder therapy
◦ Class speculation as to why
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Freudian way of getting around this resistance:
Transference – Client starts relating to therapist in
ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives
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Client Centered Therapy – Carl Rogers
◦ Therapy emphasizes providing supportive emotional
clients, who play a major role in determining pace and
direction of therapy.
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Sample Clips/Demo
◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m30jsZx_Ngs
◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ew8CAr1v48M&feat
ure=PlayList&p=9EA5A3049225F48F&playnext=1&pla
ynext_from=PL&index=6
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Why might this method be effective?
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Group Therapy- Simultaneous treatment of
several clients in a group.
◦ Role of group members:
◦ Role of therapist:
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Systematic Desensitization
◦ Therapy used to reduce phobic responses
◦ Steps:
 1.) anxiety hierarchy built
 example
 2.) train client in relaxation techniques
 3.) client works through hierarchy, learning to relax during
each stage.
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Goal is to weaken association between CS and
CR
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Flooding
◦ Involves extensive and lengthy exposure to phobic
stimulus
◦ Nothing gradual about this procedure
◦ Example/Demo
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Aversion Therapy- Uses classical conditioning to
create a negative response to a stimulus that
has created a problematic behavior.
◦ Examples:
◦ Demo
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Social Skills Training- Designed to improve
interpersonal skills by emphasizing modeling,
behavior rehearsal and shaping.
Modeling- watch socially skilled friends
Rehearsal- practice social skills in role playing
situations
Shaping- Gradual build up to complicated social
situations
Sample Scenario/Demo
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
◦ uses combination of verbal intervention and
behavior modification techniques to help clients
change maladaptive patterns o thinking.
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Attempt to correct errors in thinking and
modify behavior
Example
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Treatment with Drugs- psychiatrists prescribe
medications to lessen anxiety, antipsychotic
symptoms, depression, and stabilize mood.
Antianxiety drugs- Valium, Xanax
Antipsychotic drugs- reduce hallucinations,
delusions, confusion
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Antidepressants- Prozac, Zoloft
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Mood Stabilizers- treatment for bipolar disorder
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Discussion
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ECT therapy- Biomedical treatment in which
electric shock is used to produce cortical
seizure with convulsions
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What is procedure like?
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Overall conclusion about effectiveness
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Where can therapy be found?
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Sexual Relationships between client/therapist
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Cost
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Realistic expectations about therapy