Transcript Other than violent behaviors, list five behaviors our society considers

Then, for each of the five behaviors,
describe a situation in which the
abnormal behavior might be
considered normal.
1. Discomfort: continuous discomfort
2. Bizarre behavior---fairly continuously
3. Inefficient---unable to perform their life
roles properly
4. Inflexibility
5. See a threatening environment
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Specific Anxiety Disorders
Stress: a physical, chemical or emotional factor
that causes physical or mental tension and may
be a factor in causing disease
Anxiety: general apprehension that one is in
danger. (Differs from fear: a reaction to real
and identifiable threats.)
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Panic-Attacks: choking sensation, chest pain,
dizziness, trembling and hot flashes
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GAD is common
Characteristics:
Fear of unknown and unforeseen circumstances
prevents enjoyment of life
 Neglect relationships and have trouble forming
relationships
 Vicious cycle: worry, worry causes difficulty
completing tasks, which causes greater worry
 Despite it being self-defeating, often refuse to give
up behaviors
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Who?
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Anyone, even children and adolescence
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Phobias
Panic Disorder: extreme anxiety that manifests
in the form of panic attacks (usually lasts
minutes but can last hours and occurs without
warning)
Obsessive –Compulsive Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
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An intense and irrational fear of a particular
object or situation
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Includes Social phobia or Anxiety
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Extreme anxiety that
manifests in the form of
panic attacks (usually
lasts minutes but can
last hours and occurs
without warning)
Panic: a feeling of
sudden, helpless terror,
such as overwhelming
feeling of fright when
one is cornered by a
predator
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Obsession:
uncontrollable pattern
of thought
Compulsion: repeatedly
performed behaviors
May serve as a
diversion from a
person’s real fears, thus
reducing anxiety
Most recognize
thoughts and actions
are irrational but feel
unable to stop them
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Condition in which a
person who experienced
a traumatic event feels
severe and long-lasting
aftereffects.
Common in combat
veterans and survivors
of terrorist attacks,
natural disasters, rape,
child abuse and other
traumatic events
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A condition in which there is no apparent
physical cause
Psychologists generally treat by “challenging”
the individuals thinking
Types:
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Conversion Disorders
Hypochondriasis
Dissociative Disorders
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Changing emotional difficulties into a loss of a
specific voluntary bodily function
Many believe a person suffering from c.d.
unconsciously invent physical symptoms to
gain freedom from unbearable conflict
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Ex. Someone’s who’s family has been threatened if
they reveal a secret may lose the ability to speak
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A person in good health becomes preoccupied
with imaginary ailments
Will often switch practitioners, believing each
doctor has failed to detect the problem
Occurs equally in men and women and usually
in one’s early 20’s
Similar to conversion, occurs when an
individual represses emotions and then
expresses them symbolically in physical
symptoms
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A disorder in which a person experiences
alterations in memory, identity, or
consciousness
An effort to dissociate themselves from
stressful events
Types:
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Dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
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The inability to recall
important personal
events or information;
is usually associated
with stressful events
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A person suddenly
travels away from home
or work and is unable to
recall the past
Might actually create an
entirely new identity
Can last days or
decades but when they
come out of it, they
have no recollection of
the interim
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A person exhibits two or
more personality states, each
with its own pattern of
thinking and behaving
Often believed that dividing
up of personality is the
individual’s effort to escape
a part of the self that he/ she
fears.
People diagnosed with DID
usually suffered sever
physical, psychological or
sexual abuse during
childhood.
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Involves confused and disordered thoughts
and perceptions
Problem of cognition involving emotion,
perception and motor functions
They often:
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Withdraw from normal life
Distorted perceptions and
behavior reach irrational,
fantastical, fear-laden
unimaginable levels
Loss of contact with reality
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“Someone with depression or severe anxiety problems dreams in
an unreal way about life, while a person with schizophrenia lives
life as an unreal dream.”
No single cause or cure
Collection of symptoms:
 Confused use of language (word salad): i.e. “Naturally, I’m growing my father’s hair.”
 Delusions: i.e. tin foil to prevent gov’t from entering brain
 Hallucinations: i.e. hearing voices
 Disturbance of Affect: emotions not matching situation
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Autism
Asperger’s Syndrome
Pervasive Developmental Disorders- Not
Otherwise Specified
PDD includes:
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Autism
Asperger’s
Rhett’s Syndrome
PDD-NOS
Childhood
Disintegrative
Disorder
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A group of disorders marked by delayed
development of socialization and
communication skills.
Symptoms usually by age 3
Can have some and not all
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Problems with language
Relating to other people
Repetitive patterns of behavior
Unusual styles of play
Difficulty in dealing with change
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Major Depressive Disorder: sever form of lowered
mood in which a person experiences feelings of worthlessness and
diminished pleasure or interest in many activities
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Bipolar Disorder: an individual alternates between mania
and depression
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Seasonal affective Disorder
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Maladaptive or inflexible ways of dealing with others
and one’s environment
Includes a wide-range: self-defeating personality
patterns (excessive shyness) to vain, pushy show-offs
Disorder
Characteristics Displayed
Antisocial
Pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others without feeling
remorse
Avoidant
Pattern of self-consciousness in social situations, feelings of inadequacy, and
extreme sensitivity to criticism
Borderline
Instability in interpersonal relationships and self-image and marked
impulsivity
Dependent
Pattern of submissiveness and excessive need to be taken care of
Histrionic
Excessive emotions; excessively seeks attention
Narcissistic
Exaggerated sensed of self-importance, need for admiration, and lack of
empathy
ObsessiveCompulsive
Has an intense interest in being orderly, having control, and achieving
perfection
Paranoid
Distrusts others; perceives others as having evil motives
Schizoid
Pattern of detachment from social relationships and limited range of
emotional expression
Schizotypal
Feels intense discomfort in close relationships; has distorted thinking and
eccentric behavior
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A major reason: people tend to fear what they
do not understand
How should mental disorders be treated?