Maintaining a Healthy Weight
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Transcript Maintaining a Healthy Weight
Unit 5, Lesson 29
National Health Standards1.5, 1.7, 3.4
Desirable
weight - weight healthful for a
person
Body composition – percentage of fat
tissue and lean tissue in the body
Factors
determining a desirable weight
include: age, height, gender, body frame,
basal metabolic rate, and activity level
Body frame – approximate weight and
density of the bone structure
• Thickness and size of bones differ with each
person
Basal
metabolic rate (BMR) – the number
of calories the body uses at rest
Calorie – unit of energy produced by
food and used by the body
Physical activity increases BMR
Body
composition – 2 types of body fat
• Essential body fat
Amount of fat needed for optimal health
• Adipose tissue
Fat that accumulates around internal organs, within
muscles, and under skin
The amount of adipose tissue increases chances of
cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and arthritis
Healthful
amount of body fat for teen
males is about 11 – 17%
Healthful amount of body fat for teen
females is about 16 – 24%
Calorie expenditure – number of calories
used for BMR, digestion, and physical
activity
To
gain weight, one must take in more
calories than are expended
To lose weight, one must taken in fewer
calories than are needed for calorie
expenditure
Energy
equivalent of one pound is 3,500
calories
Underweight means a person is 10% or
more below desirable body weight
Overweight means a person is 10% or
more than desirable weight
Obese is being 20% or more than
desirable body weight
Diet
in which beverages are substituted
for some or all meals
Must be under medical care
Quick, weight-loss
strategy that is
popular for a short time
Cabbage and grapefruit diets are
examples
May work while these are the only foods
eaten, but usually when returning to
regular diet, gain more weight
FDA
has approved medications for
obesity
Anorectic drug – decreases appetite
Severe
restriction of calories
Are dangerous
Not enough blood glucose to provide
energy
Body relies on stored fat for energy
High
amount of fat is released into the
blood
Fat ketosis – condition in which excessive
ketones are released into the blood
Symptoms
include: “fruity-smelling”
breath, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting,
and abdominal pain
Confusion, unconsciousness, and death
can occur
Over-the-counter
pills
• Claim to suppress appetite
• Claim to fill the stomach and curb hunger
• Are dangerous, addictive, and ineffective
• Side effects – headaches, heart palpitations,
dizziness, nervousness, drowsiness, rapid pulse
rate, and sleeplessness, malnutrition
Laxatives
and diuretics
• Laxative – drug that helps a person have a bowel
movement
• Diuretic – product that helps a person increase
urine output
Condition
in which a person has a
compelling need to starve, to binge, or to
binge and purge
Binge – eat a lot of food in a small amount
of time
Purge
– rid the body of the food by
vomiting or using laxatives
Are addictions
Body image – perception one has of one’s
body
Uncomfortable
with secondary sex
characteristics
Perfectionism
Need to control
Unable to express emotions
Eating
disorder in which a person starves
themselves and weighs 15% or more
below desirable weight
May exercise to extreme
Is life threatening
Obsessed
with being thin
Obsessed with being perfect
Treatment – team of professionals create
a plan to deal with physical, emotional,
and mental problems
Binging
and purging
Far more common than anorexia
Obsessed with body shape and size
Have a negative body image
Know they have a problem and feel guilty
and ashamed, but unable to change
behavior
Symptoms: dissolving
tooth enamel, tooth
decay, sore gums, enlarged salivary
glands, and swollen cheeks, severe water
loss, increase in blood pressure, damage
to the colon, heart, and kidneys, impaired
bowel function
Treatment
– team of professionals who
deal with physical and emotional health
problems
An
eating disorder in which a person
cannot control eating and eat excessive
amounts
Diagnosis made when a person binges 2
or more times per week for 6 months
More common in females
Turn
to food for coping
Need medical and psychological help
More common in people who are
severely obese
Lack self-respect, negative self-esteem,
negative body image, and frequent bouts
of depression
Treatment
– team of professionals who
deal with physical and emotional
problems