Transcript Personal Health 2002 Chapter 5 Human Sexuality

An Invitation to Health
Chapter 11
Alcohol Use, Misuse, and Abuse
Dr. Lana Zinger.
©2004 Wadsworth Publishing Co.
The Alcohol Content of
Different Drinks
Proof
With distilled spirits, alcohol content is expressed in terms of
proof, a number that is twice the percentage of alcohol: 100proof bourbon is 50 percent alcohol.
Alcohol Impairment Chart
Blood-Alcohol
Concentration
The amount of alcohol
in your blood at
any given time.
Factors Affecting Your BAC
How much and how quickly you drink.
What you’re drinking.
Your size.
Your gender.
Your age.
Your race.
Other drugs.
Family history of alcoholism.
Eating
Expectations.
Physical tolerance.
How Much Alcohol Is Too Much?

National Institute of Alcohol
Abuse and Alcoholism
(NIAAA)



Men: 2 drinks max.
Women: 1 drink max.
American Heart Association
(AHA)


<15% of total daily calories.
1.75 ounces of alcohol maximum.

3 beers, 2 mixed drinks, or 3-1/2
glasses of wine.
Weighing The Effects of Light To
Moderate Drinking
Positive Effects



Lower risk of heart attack
than abstinence.
Lower mortality than
abstinence.
Lower risk of dementia.
Negative Effects




Light to Moderate Drinking
Men: 1 drink/day
Women: 2 drinks/day



Higher risk of breast
cancer in women.
Possible interaction with
prescription and
nonprescription drugs.
Impaired perceptions.
Diminished smell, taste,
and sensation.
Impaired motor skills.
Impaired sexual
performance.
Possible weight gain.
Alcohol in the Body
Alcohol = ethyl alcohol
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestines
Absorption into the bloodstream
The Impact Of Alcohol
Some Interesting Facts





A alcohol in a typical drink reaches the bloodstream in
15 minutes and rises to peak concentration in about 1
hour.
Alcohol only leaves the body after metabolism by the
liver.
Light alcohol intake is associated with lower mortality
than abstinence, but mortality rates increase with the
amount of alcohol consumed.
Alcohol is a diuretic and lowers body temperature.
Alcohol has 7 calories per gram and stimulates the
appetite.
The Effects of Alcohol Abuse
On The Body
Why People Drink
Celebration
Friendship
Social
Ease
SelfMedication
Role
Models
Advertising
Why Do Students Binge Drink?
Low Price Of
Alcohol
Recreational
Drinking
At A Young Age
Easy Access To
Alcohol
Binge Drinking
Men: 5+ alcoholic drinks
Women: 4+ alcoholic drinks.
Parental
Acceptance
Of Drinking
Residing With
Binge Drinkers
Peer Pressure
Patterns of Alcohol Use
Abstinence
Light Drinking
Infrequent Drinking
Moderate Drinking
Social Drinking
Problem Drinking
Binge Drinking
The Consequence of College Drinking
Substance Abuse and
Risky Sexual Behavior
Changing Drinking Patterns on Campus
College Alcohol Policies





Social and environmental approaches.
Student involvement.
Development of alternatives to drinking.
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD).
Campus-based AA, Al-Anon, Adult Children of
Alcoholics, peer education program called Boost Alcohol
Consciousness Concerning the Health of University
Students (BACCHUS)
Alcohol and Race
African-American
Community
Asian-American
Community
Hispanic
Community
Native American
Community
Recognizing The Warning Signs of Alcoholism
Experiencing drinking-related symptoms such as headaches,
nausea, stomach pain, heartburn, gas, fatigue, weakness, muscle
cramps, irregular heartbeats.
Needing a drink in the morning to start the day.
Denying any problem with alcohol.
Doing things while drinking that are regretted afterward.
Dramatic mood swings, from anger to laughter to anxiety.
Sleep problems.
Depression and paranoia.
Forgetting what happened during a drinking episode.
Changing brands or going on the wagon to control drinking.
Having five or more drinks a day.
Defining Alcohol Problems
Alcohol
Abuse
Alcohol
Dependence
Alcoholism
Continued use of alcohol despite awareness of
social, occupational, psychological, or physical
problems related to drinking, or drinking in
dangerous ways or situations.
A disorder in which individuals develop strong
cravings for alcohol because it produces
pleasurable feelings or relieves stress and anxiety.
A primary, chronic disease in which genetic,
psychosocial, and environmental factors influence
its development and manifestations. The disease
is often progressive and fatal. Type I vs. Type II
and Type A vs. Type B.
What Causes Alcohol
Dependence and Abuse?
Genetics
 Stress and Traumatic
Experiences
 Parental Alcoholism
 Drug Abuse

Medical Complications of
Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
Cardiovascular
Liver Disease
Disease
Vitamin
Deficiencies
Digestive
Problems
Cancer
Brain Damage
Accidents &
Injuries
Higher
Mortality
Alcoholism Treatments







Detoxification
 Delirium tremens (DTs)
Medications
 Antianxiety and antidepressive drugs.
 Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Inpatient and Residential Treatment
Alcoholics Anonymous
Secular Organizations for Sobriety
Individual Psychotherapy
Women for Sobriety