Transcript Eating Disorders Presentation

Eating Disorders
Presentation
Becky Brandsberg-Herrera MSW, LCSW
University Counseling Services
785-4014
ucs.truman.edu
Goals of this Presentation
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To discuss and understand the difference
between disordered eating and eating disorders.
To understand main types of eating disorders.
To learn why people develop eating disorders.
To understand the different approaches to
treatment.
To learn tips to help a student who may be
experiencing an eating disorder.
To leave with excellent resources for future
reference.
Disordered Eating vs. Eating Disorders
A reaction to a life
situation; a habit
 Absence of
compulsive
thoughts or
problems in regular
functioning
 Education, self-help
can result in change

An
illness
Frequent and
persistent thoughts and
behaviors about body,
food and eating that
lead to problems in
regular functioning
Life-threatening
Professional
intervention
Eating Feelings, Attitudes
& Behaviors Continuum
Body Image
Confidence
Preoccupation
with body
shape/size &
eating
Distress about
body
shape/size &
eating
Eating
Disorders
Mostly
Don’t
Thinking
Anorexia
positive
feelings about body
shape/size
No “good” or “bad”
foods
Regular moderate
exercise
like the way
parts of body look or
consistently feel like
losing a few pounds
Frequent thinking
about food, eating and
body
Sometimes feel guilty
or bad for what you
have eaten and may
“make up for it”
about food,
eating and body
interferes with daily
activities
Rigidity in eating
patterns
Working hard to
change body and
compensating for
eating (vomiting,
fasting, extreme
exercising)
No significant weight
loss
Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge Eating Disorder
Eating Disorder NOS
Types of eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
 Bulimia Nervosa
 Binge Eating Disorder
 Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)
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Dying to be Thin Written, Produced and Directed by Larkin McPhee; a
NOVA production (2000)
Anorexia Nervosa: What is it?
Eating Disorders: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Produced and Edited by
Constance M. Jones (2004)
Anorexia Nervosa: Warning Signs
 Dramatic
weight loss
 Refusal to eat certain foods or food
categories (e.g. no fats, no carbs)
 Consistent excuses to avoid situations
involving food
 Excessive and rigid exercise routine
 Withdrawal from usual friends/relatives
Source: National Eating Disorders Association Website
Health Risks with Anorexia
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Heart failure
Kidney failure
Low protein stores
Digestive problems
Electrolyte imbalance
Bulimia Nervosa: What is it?
Eating Disorders: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Produced and Edited by
Constance M. Jones (2004)
Bulimia Nervosa: Warning Signs
 Wrappers/containers
indicating
consumption of large amounts of food
 Frequent trips to bathroom after meals
 Signs of vomiting e.g. staining of teeth, calluses on hands
 Excessive and rigid exercise routine
 Withdrawal from usual friends/relatives
Source: National Eating Disorders Association Website
Health Risks with Bulimia
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Electrolyte imbalance
Laxative dependence
Dental problems
Stomach rupture
Menstruation
irregularities
Binge Eating Disorder: What is it?
Eating Disorders: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Produced and Edited by
Constance M. Jones (2004)
Binge Eating Disorder: Warning
Signs
 Wrappers/containers
indicating
consumption of large amounts of food
 MAY be overweight for age and height
 MAY have a long history of repeated
efforts to diet-feel desperate about their
difficulty to control food intake
 MAY eat throughout the day with no
planned mealtimes
Source: National Eating Disorders Association Website
Health Risks with
Binge Eating Disorder
High blood pressure
 High cholesterol
 Gall bladder disease
 Diabetes
 Heart disease
 Certain types of cancer
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Eating Disorder Not Otherwise
Specified (NOS)
NOS category is for disorders of eating
that do not meet the criteria for any
specific Eating Disorder
 Examples include:
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– For females, all of the criteria for Anorexia
Nervosa are met except that the individual
has regular menses OR despite significant
weight loss the individual’s current weight is
in the normal range.
Source: Adapted from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
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Excessively concerned about an imagined defect
in appearance
Muscle Dysmorphia
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Obsess about being small and underdeveloped
What is the situation at Truman?
In the Spring of 2006, 552 Truman students
completed the National College Health
Assessment (NCHA). The following are the
findings:
1.8% of students reported experiencing
Anorexia
 2.9% of students reported experiencing Bulimia
 2.4% of students reported that their eating
disorder/problem affected their academics
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What is the situation at Truman?
Within the last 30 days, Truman students reported:
Exercising to lose weight
Dieting to lose weight
Vomiting or taking laxatives to
lose weight
Taking diet pills to lose weight
Doing none of the above
Male
Female
38.2
24.3
0.0
64.4
41.4
3.6
0.0
57.4
3.9
30.8
Why do people develop eating
disorders?
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Behaviors are unhealthy coping
mechanisms
 Factors to consider
 Psychological
 Interpersonal
 Social/Cultural
 Biological
Psychological factors
Low self-esteem
 Feelings of inadequacy or failure
 Feeling out of control
 Response to change (puberty)
 Response to stress (sports, dance)
 Personal illness
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More psychological factors:
Vulnerable Personality
Characteristics
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Identity difficulties
Need for approval
Perfectionist
Obsessive tendencies
Irrational thinking
Difficulty coping
Inability to accept self
Interpersonal Factors
Troubled family and personal relationships
 Difficulty expressing emotions and feelings
 History of being teased or ridiculed based
on size or weight
 History of physical or sexual abuse
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Social and Cultural Factors
Cultural pressures that glorify thinness
and place value on obtaining the perfect
body
 Narrow definitions of beauty that include
only women and men of specific body
weights and shapes
 Cultural norms that value people on the
basis of physical appearance and not inner
qualities and strengths
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Barbie and Bodies
Seven feet tall
 38 inch chest
 21 inch waist
 36 inch hips
 Virtually
unattainable for an
adult woman
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G. I. Joe
1970-GI Joe was 5 ft. 10
inches, 32 inch waist and 12
inch upper arms
 2000-29 inch waist and 16 ½
inch arms
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Biological Factors
Eating disorders often run in families (learn
coping skills and attitudes in family)
 Genetic component—research about brain and
eating in taking place (certain chemicals in the
brain control hunger, appetite and digestion
have been found unbalanced).
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Source: www.NationalEatingDisorders.org
More on biology
Dying to be Thin Written, Produced and Directed by Larkin McPhee; a
NOVA production (2000)
Consequences of eating disorders
-Tearing up the mind and body
-Mind- distorted and obsessive thoughts
regarding food, exercise, body image,
 -Takes over your life—loss of life in other areas:
social, financial, spiritual, professional, academic
 -Anything that pulls you out of balance can
destroy your life—or at least make it miserable
 -Physical-amenorrhea, dehydration, electrolyte
imbalances, dry skin, long lasting disruptions of
normal bowel functioning
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Source: Academy For Eating Disorders http://www.aedweb.org)
Treatment options
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Help comes in different forms including
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Psychotherapy
Support or self-help
groups
Medical treatment
Nutritional treatment
Medication
Hospitalization
Help is available. Get help if you need it.
Encourage a loved one to get help if they need it.
A little more personal now…
Deciding If You Abuse Food
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I often deal with difficult feelings with food
I think constantly about my weight and
appearance
I give too much time and thought to food
I have lied or been secretive about my eating
behavior
I have gone on eating binges that I felt I might
not be able to stop
I have used vomiting, laxatives, water pills,
and/or diet pills to control my weight
How to Help
Family and Friends
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“Tips for Talking to a Friend Who May Be Struggling with an eating Disorder”
*Set a time to talk
*Communicate your concerns
*Ask your friend to explore these concerns
*Avoid conflicts or a ballet of the wills
*Avoid placing shame, blame, or guilt
*Avoid giving simple solutions
*Express your continued support
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Knowledge
Awareness
Support
Boundaries
By National Eating Disorders Association
www.NationalEatingDisorders.org
Body Image
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Not the entire solution, but if we have a
healthy, realistic body image we are less
prone to use food as a way to cope with
our emotions, stress and problems.
Web Resources
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Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders
– www.anred.com
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National Eating Disorders Association
– www.NationalEatingDisorders.org
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American Dietetic Association
– www.eatright.org
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Something Fishy Web Site on Eating Disorders
– www.something-fishy.org
Truman State University Resources
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University Counseling Services
– 785-4014
– ucs.truman.edu
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Student Health Services
– 785-4182
– studenthealth.truman.edu
Thank You!!
Becky Brandsberg-Herrera, MSW. LCSW
University Counseling Services
brandsberg@ truman.edu
785-4014
http://ucs.truman.edu
http://ucs.truman.edu/howwasit