Abnormal Psychology - Lake Oswego High School: Home Page
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Transcript Abnormal Psychology - Lake Oswego High School: Home Page
Introduction to Abnormal Psychology
Defining Abnormality
What does it mean to be sane or insane?
Seemingly simple, but complex concept
Statistical Definition
◦ Is something atypical considered abnormal?
Societal and cultural norms definition
Distress Definition - however, there are times
when abnormal behavior is not distressing
◦ Manic phase of bipolar depression
◦ Antisocial personality disorder
Impairment in functioning
◦ Cognitive
◦ Emotional
◦ Behavioral
Sometimes, this is not “abnormal”
◦ Depression over a death
Difficult to define…
3 Criteria…
◦ Deviance
◦ Distress
◦ Disability/Maladaptive Behavior
Symptom/Behavior Continuum:
--Abnormal
normal range
+++
Abnormal
DSM-IV-TR Definition
Behavioral, emotional or cognitive
dysfunctions that are;
◦ unexpected in their cultural context
◦ associated with personal distress, or
◦ substantial impairment in functioning
Defining Abnormality
Abnormal behavior must be a consistent pattern
of behavior
◦ “Thousand light years running through my brain
reminding me that no one’s sane, not all the time”
- 311
What is considered abnormal depends on
various factors
◦ "And those who were seen dancing were thought to be
insane by those who could not hear the music."
- Friedrich Nietzsche
Defining Abnormality
Characteristics of abnormal behavior.
◦
◦
◦
◦
Statistical deviance
Cultural deviance
Emotional Distress
Dysfunction
Problems with labeling mentally ill: Rosenhan
study – “On being sane in insane places”
Just being labeled insane can tremendously
affect how people react to you
Reasons to Label/Diagnose:
◦ Needed for communication
◦ Guide treatment
◦ Insurance reimbursement
Arguments against Labeling:
◦ Creates a stigma
◦ Creates a self-fulfilling prophecy
◦ Fail to see the person behind the disorder
Perceived
Causes
◦ movements of sun or moon
lunacy- full moon
◦ evil spirits
Ancient
Treatments
◦ exorcism, caged like animals, beaten,
burned, mutilated, blood replaced with
animal’s blood
Biological
(chemistry,
brain)
assumes that
biological,
sociocultural,
and
psychological
Sociocultural
(Societal expectations,
definition of normality
and disorder)
Psychological
(learned helplessness,
negative perceptions
and memories)
factors
combine and
interact to
produce
psychological
disorders
Diagnosis
◦ Label for a set of symptoms
Prognosis
◦ Prediction or forecast for the course of
a D/O
Etiology
◦ Suspected cause of a disorder
DSM-IV-TR
◦ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
4th edition, Text Revision
◦ Published by the American Psychiatric Association
◦ 2000…(most recent update 2004)
◦ Next major revision (DSM-V) anticipated for 2011.
Provides for reliable classification and description of
all mental illnesses
Allows for better communication
Classifying Disorders
DSM IV- Purpose:
◦ Provide a well-defined classification system
based on objective and measurable criteria,
reliable diagnoses of psychological disorders
Axis
Axis
Axis
Axis
Axis
I Major Clinical Disorders
II Mental Retardation & Personality Disorders
III General Medical Conditions
IV Psychosocial/Environmental Stressors
V Global Assessment of Functioning
◦ # between 1 and 100
◦ Current and Highest in past year
Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Schizophrenia
Substance Use Disorders
Other Axis I Disorders
Personality Disorders (Axis II)