Transcript The Endocrine System

4.04 Understand the Functions and
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
Warm up
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
Warm up
Cushing’s Diseasehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwblUKoRMb
A
Hypoparathyroidismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHa3uX0fHY
Hypothyroidismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qF5-rIJY4yc
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Addison's disease
(Adrenal Insuffiency)
Gland- Adrenal Cortex
Cause- Our adrenals don’t produce
adequate amounts of cortisol and
sometime aldosterone from damage
Symptoms- Muscle weakness and fatigue,
Weight loss, decreased appetite,
*darkening of the skin, low blood
pressure, salt craving, low blood sugar,
nausea, diahrrea, vomiting, muscle and
joint pain, irritability, depression, body
hair loss and sexual dysfunction.
Treatment- Oral and or injectable
corticosteroids
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Before
Cushing's Syndrome
Gland- Adrenal Cortex
Cause- The use of oral corticosteroid medication. The
condition can also occur when your body makes too
much cortisol.
Symptoms- Weight gain and fatty tissue deposits,
particularly around the midsection and upper back, in
the face (moon face), and between the shoulders
(buffalo hump), Pink or purple stretch marks (striae) on
the skin of the abdomen, thighs, breasts and arms,
Thinning, fragile skin that bruises easily,Slow healing
of cuts, insect bites and infections, Acne
Treatment- Reducing corticosteroids use, surgery,
radiation
After
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Anabolic Steroid Abuse in
Sports
Gland- Adrenal Cortex/ Testes
Cause- Illegal use of anabolic steroidsmimics testosterone in the body
Symptoms- Increased muscle mass,
decreased body fat, ability to recover
quicker from physical activity,
In women- can cause voice to deepen,
increase muscle mass and body hair.
*Side Effects- Liver damage, heart disease,
testicular changes, breast growth in
males, depression, breast cancer in
males, kidney failure and death.
Can be addictive and withdrawl if stopped
abruptly. Can only be obtained by
prescription.
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Diabetes Mellitus- Type IHyperglycemia
Cause- Decreased production of insulin
Gland- Pancreas
Symptoms- Increased thirst (polydipsia), frequent
urination (polyuria), glucosuria, Extreme hunger,
Weight loss, Fatigue, Blurred vision, Abdominal
pain, Fruity-smelling breath, Nausea and
vomiting, Shortness of breath, Dry mouth,
Weakness, Confusion, Coma
Treatment- Taking insulin, exercising regularly and
maintaining a healthy weight, eating healthy
foods, monitoring blood sugar
Risk Factors- Family history, genetics, viral
exposure- Epstein-Barr
Complications- If blood sugar is constantly high it
can cause damage to other organs. Heart and
blood vessel disease, kidney disease,
neuropathy, retinopathy, foot damage,
Insulin
Types of insulin are many and Depending on your needs,
your doctor may prescribe a
include:
mixture of insulin types to use
Rapid-acting insulin
throughout the day and night.
Long-acting insulin
Intermediate options
Examples are regular insulin
(Humulin 70-30, Novolin 70/30,
others), insulin isophane
(Humulin N, Novolin N),
insulin lispro (Humalog) and
insulin aspart (Novolog).
Long-acting insulins include
glargine (Lantus) and detemir
(Levemir).
Insulin can be administered
using:
A fine needle and syringe
An insulin pen — a device that
looks like an ink pen, except the
cartridge is filled with insulin
An insulin pump — a device
about the size of a cellphone
worn on the outside of your
body.
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Diabetes Type II or Non-insulin
Dependent Diabetes
Cause- Decreased production of insulin
Gland- Pancreas
Symptoms- Increased thirst (polydipsia), frequent
urination (polyuria), glucosuria, Extreme hunger,
Weight loss, Fatigue, Blurred vision, Abdominal
pain, Fruity-smelling breath, Nausea and vomiting,
Shortness of breath, Dry mouth, Weakness,
Confusion, Coma
Treatment- Diet, exercise it's important to center
your diet on these high-fiber, low-fat foods: Fruits,
Vegetables, Whole grains. You'll also need to eat
fewer animal products, refined carbohydrates and
sweets.
Medication- Metformin by mouth.
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
What is the normal values for
blood sugar?
How to test your blood sugar
http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=A9HlhZ12Zcg
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
Hypoglycemia
Cause- Too much insulin in the
blood
Gland- Pancreas
Symptoms- Sweating, Shakiness,
Hunger, Weakness, Anxiety,
Dizziness or lightheadedness, Pale
skin, Rapid or irregular heart rate,
Fatigue, Headaches, Blurred vision,
Irritability
Late symptoms- Lethargy,
Confusion, Behavior changes,
sometimes dramatic, Poor
coordination, Convulsions, Death.
Treatment- Orange juice with sugar,
candy, peanut butter, cheese,
glucose tablets, IV glucagon or
dextrose
Most hypoglycemia occurs when
you haven't eaten (when you're in a
fasting state), but that's not always
the case. Sometimes hypoglycemia
occurs after meals because the body
produces more insulin than is
needed. This type of hypoglycemia,
called reactive or postprandial
hypoglycemia, may occur in people
who have had gastric bypass
surgery. It may also occur in people
who haven't had surgery.
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Because acromegaly tends
Acromegaly
to progress slowly, early
Cause- Over production of growth
hormone as an adult- usually a benign
tumor on the pituitary gland
Gland- Pituitary
Symptoms- Enlarged hands and feet,
Coarsened, enlarged facial features,
Coarse, oily, thickened skin, Excessive
sweating and body odor, Small
outgrowths of skin tissue (skin tags),
Fatigue and muscle weakness, A
deepened, husky voice due to enlarged
vocal cords and sinuses, Severe
snoring due to obstruction of the upper
airway, Impaired vision, Headaches,
Enlarged tongue, Pain and limited joint
mobility, Menstrual cycle irregularities
in women, Erectile dysfunction in men,
Enlarged liver, heart, kidneys, spleen
and other organs, Increased chest size
(barrel chest)
signs may not be readily
apparent for several years.
Sometimes, people notice
the condition only by
comparing old photographs.
Treatment- Drugs to
decrease growth hormone,
surgery to remove tumors.
Tanya Agnus
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTFv_vJnYNc&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list
=PL8D2C3DFA4B96888F
Started growing at the age of 21. Is now 30 and is 6ft11in.
Gigantism
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Cause- Hyperfunction of pituitary –
too much growth hormone. In
preadolescent – overgrowth of long
bones before the growth plates
fuse. Pituitary tumors
Gland- Pituitary
Symptoms- Exaggerated bone
growth as adolescents and
dramatic increase in height
enlarged hands and feet,
headaches, same as acromegaly
Treatment- Growth hormone reducing
drugs, surgery
Robert Wadlow, 8ft 11in./429lbs, 5ft4in at 4
y.o.
Died at the age of 22
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Growth Hormone
Deficiency-(childhood)
Gland- Pitutiuary
Cause- Decreased production of
Growth Hormone
Symptoms- Short stature,
Children usually grow 2 inches
per year
Treatment- Earlier detected and
treated the better. Growth
Hormone Injections- sometimes
every day.
Primordial Dwarfism
She stands 33 inches tall
and weighs 17 pounds,
roughly the size of an 18month-old toddler. But
Kenadie is 7.
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=_QBy8DFaLR4
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Hypoparathyroidism
Gland- Parathyroid
Cause- Decreased levels of
Parathyroid hormone- causes a
decrease level of calcium in the
blood.
Symptoms- Tingling and burning in
fingertips, toes and lips, fatigue,
weakness, hair loss, anxiety, brittle
nails, depression, mood swings and
*Tetany- Muscle twitching and
seizures.
Treatment- Calcium supplements
along with Vitamin D
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
HyperthyroidismGraves’ Disease
Gland- Thyroid
Cause- The thyroid produces too
much Thyroxin hormone.
*Symptoms- accelerates your
body's metabolism significantly,
causing sudden weight loss, a
rapid or irregular heartbeat,
sweating, and nervousness or
irritability. Protruding eyeballs
and goiter
Treatment- Thyroidectomy,
radiation, anti-thyroid
medications
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Hypothyroidism
Gland- Thyroid
Cause- when the thyroid doesn’t produce
enough thyroid hormones
Symptoms- Fatigue, sensitive to cold, dry
skin weight gain, puffy face, hoarseness,
muscle weakness, muscle aches, painful
stiff joints, thinning hair, heavy menstural
periods, slow heart rate, depression,
enlarged thyroid- goiter.
Treatment- Synthetic thyroid hormone
levothyroxine (Levothroid, Synthroid)
Lifelong. Surgical removal of goiter and
thyroid.
*Could be prevented by using iodized salt
Processing
1.
Which disease causes you to grow as an adult?
2.
Which disease causes you to look like you have a tan?
3.
Which decreased hormone causes child to have short stature?
4.
Which disease can be prevented by using iodized salt?
5.
Which hormone when elevated can cause nervousness and
weight loss?
6.
If you had hyperglycemia, which endocrine gland would not be
functioning properly?
7.
Which disorder causes bulging eyes( exopthalmos)?
8.
What is tetany and removal of which gland can cause it?