Transcript TSH - kristashunkwiler

Thyroid-Stimulating
Hormone (TSH)
By: Kajal Grover
Jayasri Vijay
Neal Shah
What is TSH?
• Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH or
thyrotropin)
• Stimulates thyroid gland to produce
Triidotheronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4),
which in turn stimulates oxidative respiration
How is TSH created?
• Hypothalamus produces ThyrotropinReleasing Hormone (TRH)
• Triggers the anterior pituitary gland to release
TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)
Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Glands
Thyroid Gland
General Overview of Glands
TSH = Peptide-Based
Overview
• TSH (which is released from the pituitary gland)
binds to the TSH receptor on the thyroid cells,
activating adenylyl cyclase and cAMP. This
stimulates thyroid growth and causes synthesis
and the release of thyroid hormones T3 and T4
which stimulates our metabolic rates and are
crucial for normal growth and development.
TSH Signaling Pathway
TSH Signaling Pathway
Negative Feedback
• T3 and T4 concentrations in blood decrease
• Hypothalamus secrets TRH, stimulating TSH secretion
from pituitary, which stimulates thyroid gland to
release thyroxine
• Thyroxine acts on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
gland to inhibit TRH and TSH secretion
• Allows homeostasis: keeps thyroxine levels fairly
constant to control body’s metabolism
Negative Feedback Loop Diagram
Negative Feedback Loop Diagram
Negative Feedback Example
• Example of person lacking iodine in diet:
– Thyroid gland can’t produce thyroxine (which contains 4 iodines per
molecule)
– Thyroxine concentration in blood decreases
– Reduced inhibition received by hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
gland
– Causes elevated secretion of TRH and TSH
– High levels of TSH stimulates thyroid gland, which swells with
products of thyroxine metabolic pathway
– Still can’t produce thyroxine without iodine
– Consequence: enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
TSH Receptor
• Too much TSH binding to the TSH receptor on
the thyroid cells will lead to hyperthyroid
diseases
• Too little TSH binding to these thyroid cells
will lead to hypothyroid diseases
Diseases
• High TSH  HYPERTHYROIDISM
– Hair loss, coarse texture of the hair, core body
temperature increases, sweating, heart beats faster ,
oily skin, diarrhea , slows down mental development
• Graves’ Disease: goiter, nervousness, heat
sensitivity, hand tremors, weight loss, fatigue
Goiter
Diseases
• Low TSH  Hypothyroidism
– Weight gain, faster aging, lower core body temperature,
tiredness , hair loss, dry skin, dry constipations, heart
beats slower, memory impairment, blood pressure can
drop
– Myxedema (swelling) of the legs in adults
– Cretinism in children: stunted growth and severe mental
retardation
Myxedema in Legs
Diseases
How Pathway is Disrupted
Works Cited
•
http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=00223859;year=2011;volume=57;issue=2;spage=141;epage=142;aulast=Hari
•
http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v6/n4/images/nrc1836-f3.jpg
•
http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n1/images/nrendo.2009.225-f2.jpg
•
http://www.taytan.com/goiter.htm
•
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/thyroid-stimulating-hormone-tsh
•
http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16.htm
•
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp42/4202s.swf
•
http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/443/454188/st1003.html
•
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=pituitary+gland&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=3IVjW2
zxjUhfZM&tbnid=3o237C9_Z4sglM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fthebiologyzone.wordpress.c
om%2F&ei=vBlPUbSBEqS22gWnzYG4DA&bvm=bv.44158598,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNFQaKiAHTJuSklgJp5
UphG55QIu3g&ust=1364224753952394
Works Cited
•
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=regulation+of+thyroxine+secretion&source=images&c
d=&docid=P5L9BMWcR4lBgM&tbnid=apUFgtFBZBbbQM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http%3A%2F%
2Fmoodle.rockyview.ab.ca%2Fmod%2Fbook%2Fprint.php%3Fid%3D58094%26chapterid%3D20
881&ei=6VhPUYyNHouE9QTVg4DgBQ&bvm=bv.44158598,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNGjId4dgKuxWywEkXUj4ZhKlQGug&ust=1364240916336685
•
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=thyroid+gland&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=0
zy0sNlJNGWLoM&tbnid=MB90rcicKw2mIM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoc
linic.com%2Fhealth%2Fmedical%2FIM01872&ei=aF1PUffmGow8QSh4IFo&bvm=bv.44158598,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNHSlalZFMlac5twCu0QxJ4ltrETvQ&ust=136
4242142231717
•
http://www.thyroidologists.com/images/Rich/TSH_Medium.png
•
http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16.htm
•
http://antranik.org/thyroid-stimulating-hormone-thyrotropin/
•
http://drugline.org/img/ail/3153_3176_1.jpg