Transcript thyroid symptoms eyes

BBio 351 –
October 15, 2015
Today: Thyroid Hormones
• The singing patient
• Human disease overview
• Simulated rat experiments
• Synthesis, storage, secretion of thyroid hormones
• Cellular effects of thyroid hormones
• non-shivering thermogenesis (NST)
Structures: anaesthetist.com
Diagnose the singing patient!
What am I getting?
I'm flushed and sweating,
And I'm hot hot hot! (Hot hot hot!)
My pulse is screaming;
It's like I'm dreaming,
But I'm not not not. (Not not not.)
A bulging neck and bulging eyes -Yet my waist has shrunk in size.
Tell me how, in middle age,
Can I be low in TSH....
But hyperthermic? (Hyperthermic?)
Feeling hot hot hot? (Hot hot hot?)
Image by A.D.A.M.
Symptoms? Diagnosis?
Something to look for in lab: cat thyroid
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/
Thyroid disorders (overview)
Category
Causes
Thyroid function diagnostic tests
niddk.nih.gov
Therapy for thyroid disorders?
Simulated rat experiments
“PhysioEx” supplement to Marieb lab manual (2014)
Simulated rat experiments
• Part 1: Determining the basal metabolic rates (BMR)
• 3 rats: normal, thyroidectomized, hypophysectomized
• Thyroidectomy =
• Hypophysectomy =
• Measure BMR as O2 consumption rate (mL O2 per kg per hour)
• O2 consumption is determined in a closed “metabolic chamber”
• Part 2: The effect of thyroxine on metabolic rate
• Treatment is applied for 1-2 weeks
• Part 3: The effect of TSH on metabolic rate
• Treatment is applied for 1-2 weeks
• Part 4: The effect of propylthiouracil on metabolic rate
• Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a drug that inhibits thyroxine production by
blocking the attachment of iodine to tyrosine residues
• Treatment is applied for 1-2 weeks
“PhysioEx” supplement to Marieb lab manual (2014)
Predicted experimental outcomes
Experiment
Normal
Basal Metabolic XXXXXXXXX
Rate (BMR),
mL O2/kg/hr
Thyroxine
treatment
TSH treatment
PTU treatment
Thyroidectomized
Hypophysectomized
“Actual” experimental outcomes
Experiment
Normal
Basal Metabolic XXXXXXXXX
Rate (BMR),
mL O2/kg/hr
Thyroxine
treatment
TSH treatment
PTU treatment
Thyroidectomized
Hypophysectomized
Virtual experiments: notes/surprises/conclusions
Synthesis & distribution of thyroid hormones
• Synthesis pathway
• Release/transport
• Stimulation by TSH
Synthesis, storage, secretion – notes
• Thyroid follicle
• Colloid
• Thyroglobulin
• I-
Synthesis, storage, secretion
Sherwood Figure 7-17
Synthesis, storage, secretion – more notes
Stimulation by TSH
• Review: where is TSH produced?
• What kind of hormone is TSH?
(polypeptide, amino acid derivative, steroid)
• 3 key effects of TSH on thyroid follicular cells?
How do thyroid hormones affect target cells?
• Short answer (semi-review):
• Short aside on the way to longer answer:
• Ectotherms vs. Endotherms
• 3 main mechanisms of heat production
Non-shivering thermogenesis (NST)
• ATP consumption
• ATP production
NST in the mitochondria
http://people.duke.edu/~sc9/pics/figure1.jpg
(see also Sherwood Figure 15-19)
NST and animal size/age
Sherwood Figure 15-19