Endocrine System: Homeostatic Imbalances
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Transcript Endocrine System: Homeostatic Imbalances
Endocrine System:
Homeostatic Imbalances
Anatomy & Physiology
Tumor cells
Tumor cells (such as lung or pancreas
cancer) make excessive amounts of
hormones identical to normal endocrine
glands.
Growth Hormone
Hypersecretion and hyposecretion result in
structural abnormalities.
Gigantism- still-active growth plates receive
excessive GH
Acromegaly- excessive GH secreted after
growth plates close
Person becomes abnormally tall (often 8ft)
Enlarged extremities; overgrown hands, feet and
face
Pituitary Dwarfism- GH deficiency in children;
slows bone growth
Gigantism
Gigantism
34 years old
7’8” tall
Acromegaly
Pituitary Dwarfism
Pituitary Gland: Prolactin
Prolactin: Hypersecretion in females
leads to lactation problems, lack of
menses, breast enlargement, and
infertility
Hypersecretion in males leads to impotence
Pituitary Gland: Antidiuretic
Hormone (ADH)
ADH Deficiency= diabetes insipidus
Can be caused by damage to
hypothalamus or posterior pituitary
Intense thirst and urine output
Hypersecretion of ADH: occurs with
meningitis, recovery from neurosurgery
or hypothalamus injury
Results in retention of fluid, headache, brain
edema, weight gain
Thyroid Gland Imbalances
Hypothyroidism leads to slow
metabolism, chills, constipation, thick
and dry skin, puffy eyes, edema, lethargy
and mental sluggishness
Lack of iodine= goiter
Cretinism in children; can lead to mental
retardation
Hyposecretion of TH
Hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease- autoimmune disease;
Symptoms- rapid and irregular heartbeat,
nervousness, weight loss, elevated
metabolic rate, sweating
Graves’ Disease
Enlarged Thyroid (goiter)
Parathyroid Imbalances
Hyperparathyroidism: Rare; usually
results from parathyroid gland tumor
Calcium is drawn out of bones; softening
and deforming bones
Hypo “”: usually caused by parathyroid
gland trauma; results in loss of
sensation, muscle twitches, convulsions
Can lead to respiratory paralysis and death
Adrenal Gland
Aldosteronism- hypersecretion;
hypertension and accelerated expulsion
of potassium
Addision’s disease- hyposecretion of
gluccocorticoids and mineralcoritcoids
Can lead to muscle weakness and paralysis
Excessive gluccocorticoid hormone
Cushing’s disease- ACTH releasing
pituitary tumor
Persistent hyperglycemia, loss of muscle
and bone protein; water and salt retention
Physical signs- swollen face, fat deposits in
abdomen and posterior neck
Excessive Gonadocorticoids
Causes androgenital syndrome(masculinization)
Males mature rapidly
Females develop a beard, excessive body
hair, and development of male sex organ
Diabetes mellitus
Results from hyper or hyposecretion of
insulin
3 signs of DM
Polyuria-large urine output
Polydipsia- excessive thirst
Polyphagia- excessive hunger
Hypoglycemia- low sugar levels