Transcript effect of endocrine gland function on metabolic rate

ENDOCRINE
LAB
Instructor Terry Wiseth
Click to go to
Next Slide
The endocrine system has a function in
Click on the
regulation of every cell in the body.
blackboard
here
to are able to sense
Endocrine
cells and
organs
zoom
in on
largerwhich may occur
and
respond
to a
changes
inside
or outside the body. Cells are able to
blackboard
respond by releasing hormones to effect the
target tissues. Subsequently the target
tissues initiate a positive or negative
response. Most experiments dealing with
hormones will take weeks or months to
complete. Most of these experiments involve
the use of expensive live animals that may
need to be sacrificed and involve complex
surgeries may need to be performed.
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Next Slide
This simulation will allow you to study the
effects of given hormones on the body by
using “virtual animals” instead of live ones.
Not only will we be able to complete delicate
surgeries with only the click of a button but
we will be able to complete the experiments
in a much shorter period of time.
Metabolism is a broad term used to describe
all of the biochemical reactions which occur
in the body. The end results of metabolism
involve the production of energy and heat
which are important to maintain the
metabolic pathways in the cell.
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Next Slide
Thyroxine (T4) is one of the most important
hormones in maintaining metabolism.
Thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid gland,
however the amount of secretion is
controlled by the pituitary gland. The
pituitary gland secretes Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone (TSH) which influences the thyroid
gland in its production of thyroxine.
The hypothalamus, located in the brain,
secretes several hormones which affect the
pituitary gland. One of these hormones is
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH). TRH
stimulates production of TSH by the pituitary.
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Next Slide
When there are low circulating levels of
thyroxine in the blood stream, the
hypothalamus will secrete TRH to stimulate
production of TSH by the pituitary gland. This
increased level of TSH will stimulate the
thyroid gland to produce higher levels of
thyroxine.
In the following experiments we will be
investigating the effects of thyroxine, TSH
and propylthiouracil on an animal’s metabolic
rate.
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Next Slide
For this lab you will need to provide the
following items in the lab report.
1) Data Table #1
2) Answers to questions 1-25
You can access the Data Table #1 by using
the link below and printing the table for your
use.
DATA TABLE #1
You will find the questions at the end of the
lab or by using the link below.
LAB QUESTIONS
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Next Slide
On the lab table you will find a jar shaped
chamber. We will be placing our virtual
animals in this chamber. We will then gather
information about how thyroxine and TSH
affect their metabolic rates. The chamber is
connected to a weight scale. We will use this
to weigh our subjects to help determine
metabolic rates. The chamber is also
connected to an oygen meter to determine
the amount of oxygen consumed. At the
bottom of the chamber is soda lime which
absorbs the carbon dioxide given off by the
subject during the experiment. This insures
an accurate measurement of the oxygen
consumed by the subject.
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Next Slide
On the device to the right of the chamber is
included a timer to measure the amount of
time that the subjucts are in the container.
We can also find three different virtual
animals (rats) in their individual cages. One
of the rats is normal (N), the second has had
its thyroid gland removed (TX), and the third
has had its pituitary gland removed (PX). At
the top of the screen there are three
syringes containing propylthiouracil (PT),
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and
Thyroxine (T4). Propylthiouracil is a drug that
inhibits the production of thyroxine by the
thyroid gland.
Click to go to
Next Slide
N
TX
PX
We will be performing four experiments on
each subject.
N
1) Determine baseline metabolic rate.
TX
2) Determine metabolic rate after injection
with thyroxine (T4).
3) Determine metabolic rate after injection
with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
4) Determine metabolic rate after injection
with propylthiouracil (PT).
Click to go to
Next Slide
PX
All data will be recorded on Data Sheet #1..
Access the DATA SHEET #1 by utilizing the
link below.
DATA TABLE #1
N
TX
PX
Go to the next slide to begin the first
experiment.
Click to go to
Next Slide
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the rat labeled as Normal
(N) to place the rat in the chamber.
Once the rat is in the chamber it
will automatically be weighed.
Record the weight in Data Table #1
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Clickminute
on the has
red now
clamp
at the top
of
One
passed.
Click
thethe
chamber
to close
and prevent
on
go to Next
Slideitbutton.
any outside air from entering the
chamber. Next click on the START
button to start the timer.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the red clamp at the top of
the chamber to open it so the rat
can breathe outside air. Read the
ml O2 measurement and record in
Data Sheet #1.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
5.0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
closed
open
Determine the oxygen consumption per hour
for the rat using the following formula:
ml O2 consumed
1 minute
X
60 minutes
hr
N
=
ml O2 / hr
Next determine the metabolic rate per
ml weight
O2
Weight
kilogram
(kg)kg
of body
by using the
following formula.
4.2
0
0
5.0
ml O2 / hr
Metabolic rate =Timer (mn)
wt in kg
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
=
TX
PX
ml O2 / kg / hr
PT
T4
TSH
open
Next we will investigate the effects of
thyroxine injections on the metabolic rate of a
normal (N) rat. In a normal non-simulated labN
we would normally need to inject a hormone
TX
into a subject daily for at least 2 weeks. In this
simulation we will be able to view the same
PX
results with only one injection. In addition our
ml O2
Weight
“virtual
rats” kg
have the ability
to remove all
0
0
residue of4.2
any previously
injected hormone
and enables a new hormone experiment to be
performed on theTimer
same
rat. In a normal non(mn)
simulated lab we would need to wait weeks
STARTresidue0to leave the rat’s system
for hormonal
or use a different rat.
Click to go to
Next Slide
PT
T4
TSH
Next we will inject the Normal (N)
rat with thyroxine. Click on the
green syringe labeled T4 which
contains thyroxine. After the
injection click on NEXT SLIDE.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Clickminute
on the has
red now
clamp
at the top
of
One
passed.
Click
thethe
chamber
to close
and prevent
on
go to Next
Slideitbutton.
any outside air from entering the
chamber. Next click on the START
button to start the timer.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the red clamp at the top of
the chamber to open it so the rat
can breathe outside air. Read the
ml O2 measurement and record in
Data Sheet #1.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
6.5
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Calculate and enter the other data
called for in the Data Sheet #1 by
using the formulas as presented
earlier. Proceed to the next slide
when finished.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
6.5
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Next we will inject the Normal (N) rat
with thyroid stimulating hormone.
Click on the white syringe labeled
TSH which contains thyroid
stimulating hormone.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Clickminute
on the has
red now
clamp
at the top
of
One
passed.
Click
thethe
chamber
to close
and prevent
on
go to Next
Slideitbutton.
any outside air from entering the
chamber. Next click on the START
button to start the timer.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the red clamp at the top of
the chamber to open it so the rat
can breathe outside air. Read the
ml O2 measurement and record in
Data Sheet #1.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
6.0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Calculate and enter the other data
called for in the Data Sheet #1 by
using the formulas as presented
earlier. Proceed to the next slide
when finished.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
6.0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
Next we will inject the Normal (N) rat
with propylthiouracil. Click on the
blue syringe labeled PT which
contains propylthiouracil.
N
TSH
open
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Clickminute
on the has
red now
clamp
at the top
of
One
passed.
Click
thethe
chamber
to close
and prevent
on
go to Next
Slideitbutton.
any outside air from entering the
chamber. Next click on the START
button to start the timer.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the red clamp at the top of
the chamber to open it so the rat
can breathe outside air. Read the
ml O2 measurement and record in
Data Sheet #1.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
4.0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Calculate and enter the other data
called for in the Data Sheet #1 by
using the formulas as presented
earlier. Proceed to the next slide
when finished.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.74
0
0
4.0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Record
Next
wethe
willweight
measure
of the subject
basal
metabolic
(T
rate of the rat
section
whichof
has
X) in the appropriate
had itTable
Data
thyroid
#1.removed
(Base Line)
(TX). Click on
the rat labeled as TX in the cages to
the right to insert it into the chamber.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Clickminute
on the has
red now
clamp
at the top
of
One
passed.
Click
thethe
chamber
to close
and prevent
on
go to Next
Slideitbutton.
any outside air from entering the
chamber. Next click on the START
button to start the timer.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the red clamp at the top of
the chamber to open it so the rat
can breathe outside air. Read the
ml O2 measurement and record in
Data Sheet #1
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
1.5
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Calculate and enter the other data
called for in the Data Sheet #1 by
using the formulas as presented
earlier. Proceed to the next slide
when finished.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
1.5
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Next we will inject the Thryroid
removed (TX) rat with Thyroxine
(T4). Click on the green syringe
labeled T4 which contains
thryroxine.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Clickminute
on the has
red now
clamp
at the top
of
One
passed.
Click
thethe
chamber
to close
and prevent
on
go to Next
Slideitbutton.
any outside air from entering the
chamber. Next click on the START
button to start the timer.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the red clamp at the top of
the chamber to open it so the rat
can breathe outside air. Read the
ml O2 measurement and record in
Data Sheet #1.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
2.2
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Calculate and enter the other data
called for in the Data Sheet #1 by
using the formulas as presented
earlier. Proceed to the next slide
when finished.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
2.2
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Next we will inject the Thryroid
removed (TX) rat with Thyroid
stimulating hormone (TSH). Click
on the white syringe labeled TSH
which contains the hormone.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Clickminute
on the has
red now
clamp
at the top
of
One
passed.
Click
thethe
chamber
to close
and prevent
on
go to Next
Slideitbutton.
any outside air from entering the
chamber. Next click on the START
button to start the timer.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the red clamp at the top of
the chamber to open it so the rat
can breathe outside air. Read the
ml O2 measurement and record in
Data Sheet #1.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
1.4
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Calculate and enter the other data
called for in the Data Sheet #1 by
using the formulas as presented
earlier. Proceed to the next slide
when finished.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
1.4
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Next we will inject the Thryroid
removed (TX) rat with
propylthiouracil (PT). Click on the
blue syringe labeled PT which
contains the hormone.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Clickminute
on the has
red now
clamp
at the top
of
One
passed.
Click
thethe
chamber
to close
and prevent
on
go to Next
Slideitbutton.
any outside air from entering the
chamber. Next click on the START
button to start the timer.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the red clamp at the top of
the chamber to open it so the rat
can breathe outside air. Read the
ml O2 measurement and record in
Data Sheet #1.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
1.5
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Calculate and enter the other data
called for in the Data Sheet #1 by
using the formulas as presented
earlier. Proceed to the next slide
when finished.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.32
0
1.5
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
Next
we the
will weight
measure
Record
ofthe
thebasal
subject
metabolic
of the ratsection
which has
(PX) in therate
appropriate
of had
its
pituitary
removed
Data
Table gland
#1. (Base
Line)(PX). Click
on the rat labeled as PX in the cages to
the right to insert it into the chamber.
TSH
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Clickminute
on the has
red now
clamp
at the top
of
One
passed.
Click
thethe
chamber
to close
and prevent
on
go to Next
Slideitbutton.
any outside air from entering the
chamber. Next click on the START
button to start the timer.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the red clamp at the top of
the chamber to open it so the rat
can breathe outside air. Read the
ml O2 measurement and record in
Data Sheet #1
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
2.9
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Calculate and enter the other data
called for in the Data Sheet #1 by
using the formulas as presented
earlier. Proceed to the next slide
when finished.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
2.9
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Next we will inject the Pituitary
removed (PX) rat with Thyroxine
(T4). Click on the green syringe
labeled T4 which contains the
hormone.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Clickminute
on the has
red now
clamp
at the top
of
One
passed.
Click
thethe
chamber
to close
and prevent
on
go to Next
Slideitbutton.
any outside air from entering the
chamber. Next click on the START
button to start the timer.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the red clamp at the top of
the chamber to open it so the rat
can breathe outside air. Read the
ml O2 measurement and record in
Data Sheet #1
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
4.0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Calculate and enter the other data
called for in the Data Sheet #1 by
using the formulas as presented
earlier. Proceed to the next slide
when finished.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
4.0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Next we will inject the Pituitary
removed (PX) rat with Thyroid
stimulating hormone (TSH). Click
on the white syringe labeled TSH
which contains the hormone.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Clickminute
on the has
red now
clamp
at the top
of
One
passed.
Click
thethe
chamber
to close
and prevent
on
go to Next
Slideitbutton.
any outside air from entering the
chamber. Next click on the START
button to start the timer.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the red clamp at the top of
the chamber to open it so the rat
can breathe outside air. Read the
ml O2 measurement and record in
Data Sheet #1
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
3.9
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Calculate and enter the other data
called for in the Data Sheet #1 by
using the formulas as presented
earlier. Proceed to the next slide
when finished.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
3.9
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Next we will inject the Pituitary
removed (PX) rat with
propylthiouracil (PT). Click on the
blue syringe labeled PT which
contains the hormone.
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Clickminute
on the has
red now
clamp
at the top
of
One
passed.
Click
thethe
chamber
to close
and prevent
on
go to Next
Slideitbutton.
any outside air from entering the
chamber. Next click on the START
button to start the timer.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Click on the red clamp at the top of
the chamber to open it so the rat
can breathe outside air. Read the
ml O2 measurement and record in
Data Sheet #1
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
2.8
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
Calculate and enter the other data
called for in the Data Sheet #1 by
using the formulas as presented
earlier. Proceed to the next slide
when finished.
closed
open
N
TX
Weight kg
ml O2
0.59
0
2.8
0
Timer (mn)
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
PX
PT
T4
TSH
closed
open
At this point you have collected all of the data
required for this experiment. Be sure that you
have made all of the calculations required toN
fill out the Data Sheet #1. The next exercise
you will need to perform once Data Sheet #1 TX
is complete is to answer the lab questions.
You can find the lab questions on the next PX
O
Weight
kg useml
slide or
you can
the2link below to access
0.59
0page.
3.9
0
a printable
Timer
(mn)
LAB
QUESTIONS
START
Click to go to
Next Slide
0
1
LAB QUESTIONS
1) How did the baseline metabolic rates of the three rats
differ?
2) Why did the metabolic rates differ?
3) If an animal has had its thyroid gland removed, what
hormone would be missing from its blood?
4) What would be the effect of missing thyroxine from the
system?
5) How could you treat an animal that has its thyroid gland
removed so that functioned like a “normal” animal?
6) If an animal has had its pituitary gland removed, what
effect would you expect to see in the hormone levels in its
body?
7) What would be the effect of pituitary gland removal on the
metabolism of an animal?
8) What was the effect of thyroxine on the normal rat’s
metabolic rate?
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LAB QUESTIONS
9) Why was the effect you found for question #8 seen?
10) What was the effect of thyroxine on the thyroid gland
removed rat’s metabolic rate?
11) Why was the effect you found for question #10 seen?
12) What was the effect of thyroxine on the pituitary gland
removed rat’s metabolic rate?
13) Why was the effect you found for question #11 seen?
14) What was the effect of TSH on the normal rat’s
metabolic rate?
15) Why was the effect you found for question #14 seen?
16) What was the effect of TSH on the thyroid gland removed rat’s
metabolic rate?
17) Why was the effect you found for question #16 seen?
18) What was the effect of TSH on the pituitary gland removed
rat’s metabolic rate?
19) Why was the effect you found for question #18 seen?
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LAB QUESTIONS
20) What was the effect of propylthiouracil on the normal
rat’s metabolic rate?
21) Why was the effect you found for question #21 seen?
22) What was the effect of propylthiouracil on the thyroid
removed rat’s metabolic rate?
23) Why was the effect you found for question #22 seen?
24) What was the effect of propylthiouracil on the pituitary gland
removed rat’s metabolic rate?
25) Why was the effect you found for question #24 seen?
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BASELINE
DATA TABLE 1
Normal Rat (N)
Thyroid gland removed Rat (TX)
Pituitary gland removed Rat (PX)
Weight
kg
kg
kg
ml O2 used in 1 min
ml
ml
ml
ml O2 used per hour
ml
ml
ml
ml O2 / kg / hr
ml O2 / kg / hr
ml O2 / kg / hr
Weight
kg
kg
kg
ml O2 used in 1 min
ml
ml
ml
ml O2 used per hour
ml
ml
ml
ml O2 / kg / hr
ml O2 / kg / hr
ml O2 / kg / hr
Weight
kg
kg
kg
ml O2 used in 1 min
ml
ml
ml
ml O2 used per hour
ml
ml
ml
ml O2 / kg / hr
ml O2 / kg / hr
ml O2 / kg / hr
Weight
kg
kg
kg
ml O2 used in 1 min
ml
ml
ml
ml O2 used per hour
ml
ml
ml
ml O2 / kg / hr
ml O2 / kg / hr
Metabolic rate
WITH THYROXINE
Metabolic rate
WITH TSH
Metabolic rate
WITH PROPYLTHIOURACIL
Metabolic rate
O2 back
/ kg / hr
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