Transcript iphy 3430 12-8

IPHY 3430 12-08-11
Final: Wed. Dec. 15,7:30 am
Final is mandatory for everybody
3. Growth (Somatotropic) Hormone
Does not have target organ that secretes its own
hormone.
Controls growth after birth (via somatomedins)
1. Growth of bone
2. Growth of soft tissues
3. Stimulates protein synthesis (uptake of
amino acids and inhibition of protein
degredation)
4. Synergistic with thyroid hormone
Non-growth aspects of growth hormone action
Even in adults, growth hormone very impt.
1. Increases lipolysis,
2. Decreases glucose uptake by tissues
3. Spares protein, glucose
4. Blood levels increase 20x during starvation
4. Prolactin
Target--alveolar epithelium in mammary gland
to promote secretion of milk
5.
Follicle stimulating hormone
In women, causes growth of the follicle,
causes follicle to produce estrogen
Estrogen’s effects:
1. egg maturation and release,
2. growth and maintenance of entire
female reproductive tract,
3. thins cervical mucous to allow sperm
penetration
4. Growth of endometrium
5. Just about everything else
6. Luteinizing Hormone
In women, causes ovulation of mature egg,
conversion of follicle into corpus luteum,
and secretion of estrogen and progesterone
In males, causes interstitial cells of Leydig to
secrete testosterone
Regulation of hormone secretion from anterior
lobe
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Gondadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Growth Hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Somatostatin(inhibits GH release)
Dopamine--inhibits release of prolactin
How the pill works
contain estrogen/progesterone
Taken first 3 weeks of cycle
Higher than normal levels negatively feedback
on the hypothalamus, suppressing release of
Gnrh, thus blocking the release of FSH, LH
No FSH, No LH--> no ovulation
Drop in hormone levels at end of 3rd week
causes small menstrual flow
Average Failure rate
Pill
2-2.5%
Norplant
1.0%
IUD
4.0%
vasectomy
0.2%
tubal ligation 0.5%
male condom 16%
spermacides 30%
diaphragm with spermacide 18%
withdrawal
23%
rhythm
20-30%
Pancreatic Hormones
Insulin
released from  cell
causes decrease in blood glucose
facilitates glucose transport into cells
increases synthesis of glycogen
increases synthesis of fat
inhibits protein degradation
active transport of amino acids into
cells
Glucagon
secreted by  cell
increases blood glucose
increases breakdown of glycogen
promotes fat breakdown
inhibits protein synthesis, promotes
protein breakdown
Diabetes
Type I
insulin secretion none
onset
childhood
% diabetics
10-20%
Obesity?
No
treatment
insulin
Genetic?
Yes
Environmental? Yes
Type II
lots
adulthood
80-90
yes
diet and ex.
yes
yes.