Transcript CLASSES OF DRUGS

CLASSES OF DRUGS
Ivana Tkalčić
Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
Analgesics
• Mild (headache, myalgia, toothache)
• Narcotic (opioid)
-induce stupor
-used only to relieve severe pain
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs)
Anesthetics
• Reduce or eliminate sensation
• General or local anesthetics
Antibiotics and antivirals
• Antibiotics - produced by microorganisms
- inhibit or kill bacteria, fungi or parasites
- caution about the use of antibiotics
• Antivirals - used against viruses (EBV,
CMV,HIV)
Anticoagulants and antiplatelet
drugs
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Prevent blood clotting
Thrombosis and embolism
Transfusion
Heparin
Antiplatelet drugs reduce tendency of
platelets to stick together
Anticonvulsants
• Prevent or reduce the frequency of
convulsions in various types of epilepsy
Antidepressants
• Treat symptoms of depression
• Tricyclics (TCAs) and selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Lithium
Antidiabetics
• Treat diabetes mellitus
• Type 1 – daily injections of insulin
• Type 2 – oral antidiabetic drugs
(sulfonylureas, biguanides, alphaglucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones
and meglitinides)
Antihistamines
• Block the action of histamine
• Cannot cure alergic reactions but relieve
symptoms
• Many side effects
Cardiovascular drugs
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Act on the heart or blood vessels
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Angiotensin ll receptor antagonists
Antiarrhythmics
Beta-blockers
Calcium antagonists or calcium channel
blockers
• Cholesterol-lowering drugs
(cholestyramine and statins)
• Diuretics
Endocrine drugs
• Act in the same manner as naturally occuring
hormones
• Androgens
• Antiandrogens
• Estrogens
• Antiestrogens
• Aromatase inhibitors
• Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM)
• Progestins
• Thyroid hormone
• Glucocorticoids
Gastrointestinal drugs
• Used to relieve uncomfortable and
potentially dangerous symptoms
• Antacids
• Antiulcer drugs
• Antidiarrheal drugs
• Cathartics – laxatives and purgatives
• Antinauseants
Respiratory drugs
• Treat asthma, emphysema, chronic
bronchitis and bronchospasm
• Bronchodilators
• Steroid drugs
• Leukotriene modifiers
Sedatives, hypnotics and
tranquilizers
• Depress central nervous system, promote
drowsiness and sleep
• Insomnia and other sleep disorders
• Tranquilizers – for controlling anxiety
Stimulants
• Act on the brain to speed up vital
processes in case of shock and collapse
• Amphetamines
• Caffeine
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