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Anterior
Pituitary
Adrenal
Gland
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Endocrine
Pancreas
Potpourri
Disorders
What is the target for the
hormone prolactin, and what does
it do?
Prolactin targets the mammary
glands to produce breast milk.
What are the primary target
tissues for Human Growth
Hormone
Bones, Cartilage, Muscles
What does “FSH” stand for and
what is it’s role?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
stimulates follicle maturation in
females and sperm production in
males.
What does “ACTH” stand for
and what is it’s function?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
stimulates the adrenal cortex to
secrete hormones such as
aldosterone and cortisol
What does “LH” stand for and
what is it’s role?
Luteinizing Hormone stimulates
the testes to produce testosterone
and in females stimulates the
corpus luteum of the ovaries to
produce progesterone and
estrogen.
Double Jeopardy!!!
Where is the adrenal gland
located?
The adrenal gland is a triangular
shaped organ just above each
kidney.
Name one hormone secreted
from the Medulla of the Adrenal
gland & it’s function
Adrenalin / Noradrenalin /
Epinephrine / Norepinephrine are
secreted from the medulla and
they act on the same organs as
the sympathetic nervous system:
Increase HR, BR, dilate
bronchioles etc.
What does “Adrena” mean?
Ad = above; Renal = Kidney
Adrenal = Above Kidney
What is the function of cortisol
and which hormone stimulates
it’s release?
Cortisol secretion is stimulated
by ACTH.
Cortisol causes the breakdown of
proteins into amino acids so that
amino acids can be used to synthesize
glucose required for cellular
respiration
Describe the function of the
cortical hormone Aldosterone
Aldosterone causes salt to be
reabsorbed in the kidney and thus
water is also retained.
What is the primary exocrine
function of the pancreas?
The pancreas is an exocrine gland
and produces and secretes
digestive enzymes
What name is given to the
grouping of alpha and beta cells
that produce the pancreatic
hormones?
The small groupings of alpha and
beta cells in the pancreas are
called the Islets of Langerhaans
Explain the physiological
response when sugar / glucose
levels in the blood increase past
required levels.
When blood glucose is high,
insulin is secreted which causes
cells to increase their uptake of
glucose.
Glucagon targets which organ &
why?
Glucagon causes the liver to
increase the conversion of
glycogen to glucose.
In the Edmonton Protocol, which
organ are the islets of
Langerhaans transplanted to and
why?
The Islets are transplanted to the
liver as it is a more supportive
tissue that can regenerate easier
and has a higher blood flow to
promotoe islet growth.
Why is it important that humans
ingest small quantities of iodine?
Iodine is a chemical component
of Thyroxine
Somebody that is overweight
from a young age is at risk of
developing diabetes mellitus.
Why?
Cells of the body become less
responsive to insulin and thus
blood glucose levels remain high
Diabetes Insipidus is caused by a
malfunction of which hormone
system?
Diabetes is caused by a
deficiency of ADH or an inability
of receptors to recognize or
respond to ADH thereby
producing increased urine output
A goitre results from
hyperactivity of the thyroid.
What is this disease called, and
name one possible cause.
Hyperthyroidism could result
because of a low level of
functional thyroxine and thus no
negative feedback. TSH would
constantly stimulate the thyroid.
Lack of iodine would prevent
functional thyroxine from being
formed.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus is the
results of a weakened response to
which hormone, and what type of
cells secrete this hormone?
Type II diabetes mellitus results
from a lack of response to insulin
which is produced in the beta
cells of the Islets of Langerhans.
Name two non-target / nonspecific hormones
Any two of the following:
Growth Hormone
Insulin
Adrenaline / Epinephrine
Which side of the pituitary
produces it’s own hormones?
Anterior Pituitary
Name two locations where the
nervous system and the endocrine
system interact directly
Hypothalamus / Pituitary
complex and the adrenal gland
What is the function of
parathyroid hormone?
Parathyroid hormone is secreted
in response to low blood calcium
levels and causes the release of
Ca2+ from the bones, as well as
2+
increased Ca absorbtion in the
digestive system & kidneys.
Final Jeopardy
Category: Feedback Inhibition
Final Jeopardy
Draw a feedback loop / flowchart
for the adrenal hormone cortisol
Pituitary
ACTH
Adrenal
Cortex
(-)
Cortisol
Increase protein breakdown
& [Amino Acid]