Introduction to Energy
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Transcript Introduction to Energy
Introduction to Energy
What is a “Natural Resource”?
All of the Earth’s organisms, air, water, and soil, as well as
materials such as oil, coal, and ore that are removed from
the ground.
Separated into two broad categories:
◦ Renewable resources
◦ Nonrenewable resources
NYS Natural Resources
Timber (3 million acres of forest)
Freshwater (7,600 lakes & 70,000 miles of rivers)
Natural Gas and Oil (14,000 active wells)
Minerals (Over 2,000 active mines for salt, garnet, gypsum,
talc, zinc, and wollastonite for use in sandpaper, wallboard, paint
pigment, ceramics, brick, glass and industrial abrasives.)
Sand and Gravel (Almost 90 percent of mining in NY
involves the excavation of sand, gravel, and limestone for use in
concrete, blacktop, roadfill, and construction projects.)
Renewable Resource
Any resource that is
continually cycled
(such as wind or
water movement)
Any resource can be
replaced within a
human life span.
Solar
Wind and Water
Geothermal
Biomass Fuels
Nonrenewable Resource
Any resource that
cannot be replaced
during a human life
span.
Took millions of years
to form and exist in
fixed amounts in the
Earth.
They need to be
conserved before they
become depleted
Fossil Fuels (Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas)
Nuclear (Nuclear Fission)
Renewable Resources
Nonrenewable Resources
Biomass (4.54%)
Petroleum (34.67%)
Hydropower (3.26%)
Natural Gas (25.57%)
Wind (1.20%)
Coal (20.22%)
Geothermal (0.23%)
Uranium (8.50%)
Solar (0.16%)
Propane (1.64%)
Sources of Energy
What is Energy?
Energy is the ability to produce change or
do work
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Energy produces light
Energy produces heat
Energy produces motion
Energy produces sound
Energy produces growth
Energy produces technology
Potential Energy
This is energy that is stored
or based on the position of
something, as well as
gravitational energy.
◦ Chemical Energy
◦ Stored Mechanical Energy
◦ Nuclear Energy
◦ Gravitational Energy
Kinetic Energy
This is the energy of
motion such as the motion
of waves, electrons, atoms,
molecules, substances, and
objects
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Electrical Energy
Radiant Energy
Thermal Energy
Motion Energy
Sound Energy
Two Categories of Energy
Potential Energy
Chemical Energy:
stored in the bonds of
atoms and molecules.
Stored in biomass and
petroleum.
Breaking down these
bonds is how your
body turns food into
energy.
Potential Energy
Stored Mechanical
Energy: stored in
objects by the
application of force
Compressed springs
Stretched Rubber
Band
Potential Energy
Nuclear Energy:
energy stored in the
nucleus of an atom
Fusion: energy released
two atoms are
combined together
(The Sun)
Fission: energy
released when an atom
is split (Nuclear Power
Plants)
Potential Energy
Gravitational
Energy: the energy
of position or
placement
A rock perched on
top of a hill
Water in a reservoir
behind a dam
Kinetic Energy
Electrical Energy: movement of
electron
Electrons moving through a wire
Lightning
Kinetic Energy
Radiant Energy:
electromagnetic
energy that travels in
waves
Visible light, infrared,
x-ray, radio waves,
etc
Solar energy
Kinetic Energy
Thermal Energy:
the vibration and
movement of atoms
within a substance
(heat)
The faster the
molecules vibrate,
the more heat is
generated
Kinetic Energy
Motion Energy: the
movement of objects
from one place to
another
Wind energy
Baseball hit at man’s
face
Kinetic Energy
Sound Energy: movement of energy through
substances in longitudinal waves
Sound causes objects to vibrate
Conservation of Energy
Law of
Conservation of
Energy: energy is
neither created or
destroyed
When we use energy
we simply change its
form.
Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency:
how much energy
you can get out of a
system
Most energy
transformations are
not efficient
Light bulbs are only
10% efficient
Energy Efficiency by Country
Energy Efficiency by Country
Who uses energy?
Industrial Sector – 31.44%
Transportation – 27.83%
Residential – 22.22%
Commercial – 18.52%
Who uses energy?
2013
2014
Industrial Sector – 31.44%
21.72%
Transportation –
27.83%
27.43%
Residential –
22.22%
7.23%
18.52%
4.39%
39.23%
Commercial –
Electric Power
World Energy Consumption