Transcript Objective 1: Anatomy of the human brain and cranial nerves

Lab 10
Central Nervous System & The Brain
Human Brain
Sheep Brain
SB fall 2011
Objective 1:
Anatomy of the human brain
and cranial nerves
Cerebrum
(gold area)
Diencephalon
(Violet area)
Brain stem
(green area)
Cerebellum
(pink area)
Human Brain, Superior View
Post central
gyrus
Central sulcus
Pre central
gyrus
Longitudinal
fissure
Frontal
pole
Occipital pole
Structures of the Cerebrum
Human Brain, Lateral View
Parietal lobe
Central
sulcus
Gyrus
Occipital
lobe
Frontal
lobe
Fissure
Lateral
sulcus
Temporal lobe
Structures of the Cerebrum
Surface Lateral View
Central sulcus
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Parieto-occipital
sulcus
Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe
Occipital
lobe
Lateral sulcus
Temporal lobe
Transverse
fissure
Structures of the Cerebrum
Midsagittal Section
Corpus
callosum
Parietal lobe
Septum
pellucidum
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Fornix
Temporal lobe
Structures of the Cerebrum
Cerebral Hemispheres
Left Hemisphere
Fissure
Right Hemisphere
Gyrus
Sulcus
Frontal cut
Gray Matter – Cerebral cortex & Basal nuclei
White Matter – Myelinated axons (fiber tracts)
Ventricles
Internal Structures of the Cerebrum
Frontal Section
Corpus
callosum
Septum
pellucidum
Lateral
Ventricles
Fornix
Cerebral Cortex
Histology - Recap
Recap:
Pyramidal Cells of Cerebral Cortex
Functional areas of the cerebrum
Functional Mapping of Pre and Post Central Gyri
Midsagittal Section
Midsagittal Section MRI
Corpus
callosum
Fornix
Septum
pellucidum
Midsagittal Section of Human Brain
Corpus Callosum
Lateral ventricle
Third
Ventricle
Corpora
quadrigemina
Fornix
Occipital
lobe
Diencephalon
Optic
chiasma
Transverse
fissure
Pons
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Corpus callosum
Choroid plexus
Intermediate mass
Optic
chiasma
Hypothalamus
Mammillary
body
Corpora
quadrigemina
Structures of the Diencephalon
Midsagittal Section
Intermediate
mass
Hypothalamus
Optic chiasma
Infundibulum
Pituitary gland
Mammillary body
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Pineal body/gland
Structures of the Brainstem
Midsagittal Section
Midbrain:
Corpora quadrigemina
Superior colliculi
Inferior colliculi
Pons
Medulla
oblongata
Cerebral peduncle
Superior cerebellar
peduncle
Fourth
ventricle
Arbor
Vitae
Cerebellum
Cerebellum
Histology - Recap
Purkinje Cells
Meninges of the Brain
A mnemonic
PAD from deep to superficial the layers of the meninges are
pia, arachnoid, dura (they pad the brain)
Human Meninges
(Outer Periosteum)
Superior
Sagittal
Sinuses
Pia Mater
S
k
u
l
l
Dura
Mater
Inner layer of
Dura Mater
External layer of
Dura Mater
(Inner Periosteum)
Dural Sinuses
Superior
sagittal sinus
Arachnoid villus
Periosteal layer
Meningeal layer
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Die-cast model
Cerebrospinal fluid is
continually produced
by the choroid plexus
found in the ventricles
Ventricles
Midsagittal Section of Brain
Choroid
Plexus
Lateral
Ventricle
Interventricular
Foramen
Third
Ventricle
Cerebral
Aqueduct
Fourth
Ventricle
Lateral and Third Ventricles
Coronal Section
White matter
Corpus callosum
Lateral
ventricle
Cerebral
nuclei
Third
ventricle
12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves
12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves
Filaments of Olfactory nerve (I)
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory tract
Optic nerve (II)
Optic chiasma
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Optic tract
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Trigeminal nerve (V)
Facial nerve (VII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Vagus nerve (X)
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Accessory nerve (XI)
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The
Olfactory
Nerve
Real
Thing
Optic
Nerve
Trigeminal
Nerve
Occulomotor
Nerve
Abducens
Nerve
Facial Nerve
GlossoPharyngeal
Vestibulocochlear
Nerve
Vagus
Accessory
Nerves
Hypoglossal
Nerve
Cranial Nerves, Human Brain
Abducens
Nerves
Trochlear
Nerves
Optic Chiasma
Olfactory
Nerves
Occulomotor Nerves
Optic Nerves
Objective 2:
Sheep Brain Dissection
Pineal
Gland
Corpus
Callosum
Cerebellum
Lateral Ventricle
Corpora
Quadrigemina
Third
Ventricle
Thalamus
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Optic Chiasma
1
Identify the external
structures
(Inferior)
Sheep brain structures are the
same as the human brain, only
slightly different sizes
2
Remove Dura mater (w/ pituitary gland)
Identify the external structures
(Superior)
1
2
Same structures as human brain, only slightly different size
Identify the external structures
(Inferior)
1
4
2
3
3
Pull back the cerebellum to reveal
Corpora Quadrigemina & Pineal Gland
?
4
Brainstem
Diencephalon
Identify the internal structures
4
(Midsagittal)
2
3
1
5
4
4
Identify the Cavities
Lateral 4
Ventricle
Fourth Ventricle
3
Cerebral 2Aqueduct
1
Third Ventricle