Transcript Health Science 1101 Medical Terminology

Module 2
Body Structure
Smallest to largest structures
Location of structures
Position of structures in reference to each
other
How we visualize structures
• Chemical
• Atomic
• Molecular
Nucleus
• Cellular
Cell
• Tissue
Tissue hist/o
• Organ
• System
• Organism
nucle/o
cyt/o
Body Cavities
Dorsal
-Cranial
-Vertebral
Ventral
-Thoracic
-Abdominopelvic
spin/o
thorac/o
abdomin/o
crani/o
dorso/o
cervic/o
chondr/o
Medical Terminology Simplified, 4th edition
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Gastr/o
Ili/o
Inguin/o
Lumb/o
Umbilic/o
Pelv/i
Sagittal
-midsagittal
Frontal (coronal)
Transverse
(horizontal)
Anatomical Position
Serves as a reference point
for location and position of
body parts
Superior ̶ Inferior
Medial ̶ Lateral
Proximal ̶ Distal
Anterior ̶ Posterior
Ventral ̶ Dorsal
Cephal/o
̶ Caud/o
Anterior (Anter/o)
Posterior (Poster/o)
Dorsal (Dors/o)
Ventral (Ventr/o)
Lateral (Later/o)
Medial (Medi/o)
Caudal (Caud/o)
Cephalic (Cephal/o)
Inferior (Infer/o)
Superior (Superi/o)
Distal (Dist/o)
Proximal (Proxim/o)
Flexion
Extension
Pronation
Supination
Abduction
Adduction
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Scan: Technique for carefully studying an area, organ
or system by recording and displaying multiple
images of the area.
Ultrasonography (US): Imaging technique that uses
high-frequency sound waves, ultrasound, that
bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce
an image of an organ or tissue.
Radiography: Production of captured shadow images
on photographic film through the action of ionizing
radiation passing through the body from an external
source.
Fluoroscopy: Radiographic procedure that
uses a fluorescent screen instead of a
photographic plate.
Radiopharmaceutical: Drug that contains a
radioactive substance that travels to an area
or a specific organ that will be scanned.
Nuclear Scan: Diagnostic technique that
produces an image by recording the
concentration of a radiopharmaceutical
called a radionuclide which is detected by a
scanning device.
Tomography: Any technique that produces a
film representing a detailed cross section of
tissue structure at a predetermined depth.
Computed Tomography (CT): Radiographic
technique that uses a narrow beam of xrays, rotating in a full arc around the patient
to image the body in cross sectional slices.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):
Radiographic techniques that use
electromagnetic energy to produce crosssectional images of the body at many
planes.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET):
Radiographic technique which combines
computed tomography and the use of
radiopharmaceuticals (radioactively
labeled drugs). Good for disorders like
stroke, epilepsy and Alzheimer's.
Single-Photon Emission Computed
Tomorgraphy (SPECT): Type of
nuclear imaging study to scan organs
after an injection of a radioactive tracer.
Like PET scan but typically produces 3D
images.
Endoscopy: visual examination of interior
of organs using a specialized lighted
instrument called an endoscope.
Adhesion: Band of scar tissue binding surfaces
that are normally separate from each other.
Anastomosis: 1. Connection between two blood
vessels or 2. Surgical joining of two ducts,
vessels or bowel segments.
Cauterize: Process of burning tissue by thermal
heat, electricity, laser, or dry ice.
Inflammation: Protective response of body
tissues to infection or allergy.
Signs include:
Sepsis: Inflammatory response to infection
characterized by fever, elevated heart and
respiratory rate and low blood pressure.
Epi- : above, on
Hypo- : under, below, deficient
Medi- : middle
Super- : upper, above
Trans- : through, across
-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ous, -iac, -ic, -ior: Pertaining to
-ad: toward
-logy: the study of
-ologist: specialist in the study of
-lysis: serparation, destruction, loosening
-toxic: poison
-verse: turning
RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ:
Bx: biopsy
PA: posteroanterior
AP: anteroposterior
Lat
CXR: chest x-ray
U/L, U&L: upper and lower
Chondroma
Cytometer
Histolysis
Nuclear
Posterior
Proximal
Superior
Ventral
Anterior
Caudad
Distal
Dorsal
Inferior
Lateral
Medial
Mediad
Histologist
Cytology
Cytolysis
Cytotoxic
Abdominal
Cephalad
Cervical
Cranial
Gastric
Iliac
Inguinal
Lumbar
Pelvimeter
Pelvic
Spinal
Thoracic
Periumbilical