Transcript Introduction to Bones & Bones of the Skull, Chest, & Back

Tuesday, February 6th
Blue Book Wkshts & Shoes Essay
 Discuss notes
 Pass out notes
 Review
 Intro to Bones & Bones of the Skull, Chest,
and Back

Review

Diseases
 Osteomyelitis
 Osteoporosis
 Rickets

Fractures
 Greenstick
 Simple
 Compound

Joints
Introduction to Bones
&
Bones of the Skull, Chest, &
Back
Anatomical View
Terms

Anterior
 Front

Posterior
 Back

or toward the back
Prone
 Lying

or toward the front
face down
Supine
 Lying
face up
Terms

Medial
 Toward

Lateral
 Away

from the midline of the body
Proximal
 Toward

the midline of the body
the beginning of the structure of the body
Distal
 Away
from the beginning of the structure of the body
Terms

Flexion
 To

Extension
 To

straighten
Adduction
 To

bend
go toward the midline of the body
Abduction
 To
go away from the midline of the body
Purpose of Bones

Lever for movement

Provide structure
and support

Protection of
Internal Organs

Store minerals
Structure of Bones

67% of bone is mineral
 Calcium
 Magnesium
 Sodium
 Potassium


33% is connective tissue
Bones form in two ways
 From membranes (ex. Bones in your
 Ossification (minerals that harden to
bones)
skull)
form your
Parts of the Bone

Shaft


Periosteum


Narrow part of bone
between the 2 ends of the
bone
Outside of the bone tissue
Compact Bone


Layer under the periosteum
Very Hard
Parts of the Bone

Spongy Bone


Red Bone Marrow


Cavities at the ends of
bone that act as shock
absorbers for “weight
bearing”
Makes red and white
blood cells, an adult
has no red bone
marrow in the shaft
Yellow Bone Marrow

Fat Cells
Bones as you age

As a baby:
 Bones

are made of cartilage
As you grow:
 Bones
ossify and become heavier and
harder

As you grow old:
 You
loose minerals and bones become
weaker

Ex. Osteoporosis – loss of calcium from the bone
Joints
A joint is a place where 2 bones make
contact
 Types of joints are:

 Immovable
 Partially
Movable
 Freely Movable
Types of Joints

Immovable
 Skull
 Sacrum
 Coccyx

Partially Movable
 Vertebrae
 Ribs
to Vertebrae
 Sacroiliac
Types of Joints

Freely Movable

Ball and Socket



Hinge






Elbow
Knee
Finger
Toe
Jaw
Pivot



Shoulder
Hip
Forearm
Head on neck
Gliding


Wrist
Ankle
Ball and Socket
Hinge
Pivot
Gliding
Bones of the Skull

2 Divisions of the skeleton
 Axial

Skeleton
The skull, vertebral column (backbone), ribs and
sternum
 Appendicular

Skeleton
Bones in the arms, hands, legs, feet, and
shoulders
Bones of the Skull
Axial Skeleton

Skull – 29 bones
 22
form the frame of the head
 Have zigzag joints in the skull, makes it
stronger
 6 facial bones – immovable joints
 7th bone is the jawbone (mandible) largest
bone in the skull, movable
Bones of the Skull
Wednesday, 2/7
Review
 Finish Backbone & Chest
 Start on Bones of the Upper Extremity
 Leave time to discuss the rest of the week
 Hand back papers
 Friday: Progress sheets

Review

Terms
 Anterior/Posterior
 Medial/Lateral
 Supine/Prone
 Proximal/Distal
 Flexion/Extension
 Adduction/Abduction
Review




Purpose of bones
Bones as you age
6 parts of the bone
Joints
 Ball-and-socket
 Hinge
 Gliding
 Pivot
Backbone

Also knows as the spinal column

Consists of 33 bones and its function is to
protect the spinal column
Regions of the Backbone

Cervical Vertebrae




Thoracic Vertebrae



5 vertebrates found in lower back
Function: weight bearing area, largest
and strongest vertebrae
Sacrum



12 vertebrates
Function: supports the chest
Lumbar Vertebrae



7 vertebrates, found in the neck and
Function: Hold up the head
Has lots of flexibility
5 vertebrates fused to the hip area
The sacrum and hip bones are called
the pelvis
Coccyx


3-5 fused vertebrates
Common name is Tailbone
Spinal Column
Chest

Chest




Also known as the ribs and
sternum
Protects the heart and
lungs
Expands and contracts
Sternum



The flat bone in the middle
and front of the chest
Anchor for the ribs and
muscles to attach
Protects the heart
Ribs

12 pairs of ribs attach to the thoracic
vertebrae on back
 True

Ribs
Top 7 pair that attach to the sternum
 False

Ribs
Middle 3 pair that extend up to the sternum
 Floating

Ribs
Bottom 2 pair that do not attach to the sternum
True Ribs
False Ribs
Floating Ribs