Transcript Slide 1 - Elsevier

Chapter 12
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FIGURE 12.1 Landmarks of the human skull commonly used in geometric morphometrics. (Note: not all
landmarks that can be used are identified in this figure, just the most common.) Left—anterior view that
depicts facial and mandibular landmarks; middle—lateral view with lateral facial, vault, and mandible
landmarks; right—inferior view showing landmarks of the basicranium and palate. Landmark names by
number are provided. (Note: some bilateral landmarks are only visible from left lateral perspective;
nevertheless, there is a right antimere that is not depicted).
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FIGURE 12.2 A researcher using a three-dimensional digitizer to observe landmark coordinates on a
cranium. Photograph by Roselyn Campbell.
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FIGURE 12.3 Cranium positioned for data collection with a three-dimensional digitizer.
Photograph by Roselyn Campbell.
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FIGURE 12.4 The steps of a Procrustes superimposition starting with (a) raw coordinate-based
configurations that undergo (b) Step 1—translation, then (c) Step 2—rotation, and finally (d) Step 3—
scaling.
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FIGURE 12.5 Three-dimensional coordinate date from 20 cranial landmarks from 164 individuals
(lateral view with facial landmarks to the right and vault landmarks to the left): (a) before
Procrustes superimposition and (b) after Procrustes superimposition.
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FIGURE 12.6 Group mean configuration (Euro-American and African-American male) overlays
from superior view. Euro-American landmarks are represented by open circles and AfricanAmerican landmarks are represented by solid circles.
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FIGURE 12.7 Landmarks used in the biological distance analysis case study.
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FIGURE 12.8 Map of the sites used in the case study example with temporal information. EC is the
Extended Coalescent and PCC is the Postcontact Coalescent. All site dates are approximate. North
is to the top of the figure.
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FIGURE 12.9 Graph of group means along canonical variates 1 and 2 for site components in case
study with wireframe depictions of average group morphological variation. RY=Rygh; MBF1=Mobridge
Feature 1; MBF2=Mobridge Feature 2; ND=Nordvold; CR=Cheyenne River; SL=Sully;
LW=Leavenworth.
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FIGURE 12.10 Thin-plate spline deformation grid showing that morphological variation between mean
forms for samples of Euro-American and African-American males is largely confined to the anterior face
and inferior cranial vault. The configurations are shown from a lateral view with landmarks for the face
at the left of the image and vault landmarks to the right.
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