Transcript Addendum
Abdominal Cavity II Spleen • a. hilum • b. diaphragmatic surface: upper, posterior • c. visceral surface: = gastric, renal, & colic faces Stomach • a. lesser curvature - upper, right, inside border • b. greater curvature - left, inferior, outer border • c. regions: – cardia (& cardiac notch, angel by esophagus and stomach, close to the heart) – fundus - upward curving – body (& angular notch - marks border with pylorus) – pylorus - antrum, then canal, then sphincter & orifice – rugae - folds in mucous membrane Small intestine • Duodenum: 1st segment (~25 cm long) • is partially retroperitoneal • regions: - superior - begins at pylorus; descending; horizontal; ascending - supplied by superior, inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery Small intestine • Jejunum: second segment - with ileum, supplied by superior mesenteric artery – begins at duodenojejunal flexure – attaches to diaphragm by suspensory muscle of duodenum – border with ileum is gradual, arbitrary, jejunum = proximal 40% – thicker walls – larger, more dense plicae circularis (circular mucosal folds) Small intestine • Ileum: Third segment of small intestine with jejunum, fills umbilical & pubic region – ileum = distal 60% of continuous section from jejunum to colon – thinner walls; few plicae circularis – ileocecal valve, orifice - between ileum & cecum Large intestine • Cecum: First , blind segment, attached to post wall by mesocecum - vermiform appendix - process extending from cecum; attached by mesoappendix Large intestine • Ascending colon: Right side, inguinal & lateral regions • Transverse colon: starts at right colic (hepatic) flexure, ends at left colic /splenic flexure – right end has no mesentery, comes in contact with right kidney & part of duodenum • Descending colon: Left lateral to inguinal region, retroperitoneal • Sigmoid colon: Left inguinal, curves, enters lower pelvis; supported by sigmoid mesocolon Large intestine • taeniae coli - 3 longitudinal muscle bands (instead of continuous layer as in small intestine) • haustra - out pouching sections of colon between teniae coli • epiploic appendages - colon’s visceral peritoneum forms little pockets that hold fat Pancreas • just superior to transverse mesocolon, enclosed within C - curve of duodenum • elongated: head tucked into curvature of duodenum; then neck, body, tail extend left to spleen - anterior surface faces posterior surface of stomach • main pancreatic duct - receives smaller side ducts grayish white, close to post surface – joins common bile duct to enter duodenum – accessory pancreatic duct - smaller, runs more vertically in head of pancreas and open into duodenal • hepatopancreatic ampulla, sphincter - dilated area as common bile duct & pancreatic duct enter duodenal • supplied by pancreatic branches of the splenic artery Kidneys • Kidneys - retroperitoneal – Left kidney: contacts pancreas, spleen, post stomach – Right kidney: contacts descending duodenum, liver, & (directly) the hepatic flexure • hilum - entry / exit area for ureter, renal blood & lymphatic vessels • cortex - outer rim • medulla: renal pyramids (=many nephrons); separated by columns, narrow to papillae • renal pelvis - fills renal sinus (cavity) – formed by several major calyces – smaller branches = minor calyces - each collects from a single papillae Suprarenal glands • also retroperitoneal • Left suprarenal: contacts diaphragm & post surface of stomach (behind peritoneum) • Right suprarenal: contacts diaphragm, liver & inferior vana cava - each has cortex, medulla