Transcript Bones of the Face

Bones of the Face
• External (landmark) Bones of the Face
–
–
–
–
–
–
Incisive (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Mandible (1 or 2)
Maxillary (2)
Nasal (2)
Zygomatic (2)
• Internal (hidden) Bones of the Face
–
–
–
–
Palantine (2)
Pterygoid (2)
Turbinates (4)
Vomer (1)
External Bones of the Face
• Incisive:
– Also called pre__________
bones
– Most ___________ skull
bones
– In common domestic
animals, this bone houses
upper incisor teeth.
(Ruminants have a dental
pad instead)
• Nasal:
– Forms the _________ of the
nose.
– Length depends on the
animal.
External Bones of the Face
• Maxillary
– Form the ________ jaw with
incisive bone
– House all teeth besides
incisors
– Forms rostral part of ________
palate
– contains maxillary sinus
• Lacrimal
– Two bones that form medial
portion of the ________ of the
eye.
– Contains lacrimal sac which is
part of tear system.
External Bones of the Face
• Zygomatic
– aka malar bones
– form portion of orbit
– join with temporal bone to form
zygomatic ______
• Mandible
–
–
–
–
–
lower jaw
houses all lower teeth
only __________ skull bone
forms TMJ with temporal bone
2 bones come together at
mandibular ________________
• fused into one bone in horses and
swine
– 2 parts: ramus and shaft
• Ramus = caudal, vertical part
• Shaft = contains teeth, horizontal
part
Internal Bones
of the Face
• ____________________ Bones:
– Make up caudal part of _____
palate
• ____________________ Bones:
– Support part of the lateral
walls of the ________ (throat).
• ____________________Bone:
– Forms part of nasal septum
(midline wall between left and
right nasal passages).
• _____________________:
– Also called nasal conchae.
– Thin and scroll-like that fill
most of nasal cavity space.
Hyoid Bone
• Also called hyoid
_____________
• Supports base of tongue, the
pharynx, and the larynx and
assists in swallowing.
• Composed of several parts that
are united by cartilage.
• Vertebrae that extend from skull to tip of tail.
• Divided into 5 sections:
–
–
–
–
–
Cervical (neck, C)
Thoracic (chest, T)
Lumbar (abdomen, L)
Sacral (pelvis, S)
Coccygeal (tail, Cy)
• Refer to vertebrae by letter designation and number designation.
Spinal Column
(aka vertebral column)
• Body
– The main, ventral portion of
the bone.
– Separated from other
vertebrae by intervertebral
________ of _________
cartilage.
• Arch
– dorsal to body
– helps to make up _______
________ which allows
passage of the spinal
cord.
VERTEBRAE CHARACTERISTICS
VERTEBRAE CHARACTERISTICS
• Transverse Processes
– Two processes that project
laterally
– Site of muscle attachment.
• Articular Processes
– On cranial and caudal ends
of vertebrae, form
intervertebral joint
• Spinous Processes
– Single and projects
dorsally
Cervical Vertebrae
• Neck region
• ______ vertebrae in all domestic
animals
• _________ is C1
– Holds up head.
– Has ________ that can be palpated
– Has no vertebral body, just is a ring
which spinal cord passes through.
• ________ is C2
– Has large blade-like spinous
process and a ______ that fits into
atlas
Thoracic Vertebrae
• Chest region
• Have tall __________ processes.
• Number of vertebrae = number
pairs of _______
• Have articular facets which
communicate with the ribs.
• Dorsal to abdominal region.
• Most massive-looking bones in
spinal column.
• Bodies are large and bulky
• Prominent cranial-directed
___________ processes
Sacral Vertebrae
• 3 - 5 vertebrae fused together to
form one single, solid structure.
• Called the _________.
• Joins pelvis via sacroiliac joint.



Bones of the tail.
Cranial vertebrae have
arches, bodies and
processes, caudal vertebrae
are rods of bone
In humans fuse into coccyx.
• Flat bones that form the lateral
walls of the thorax.
• Usually the number of ribs is
equal to the number of thoracic
vertebrae.
• Dorsal ends form moveable joints
which is allows lungs to expand.
• Term for rib is ____________.
• ____________ ribs aka “true ribs”
attach to sternum
• ____________ ribs aka “false
ribs”make up caudal part of
thorax.
• Unattached ribs are called
____________ ribs.
Ribs




Breastbone
Made up of sternebrae.
Most cranial sternebrae is _________________
Most caudal sternebrae is called
_____________ process.
STERNUM