Transcript Anatomy Powerpoint

Anatomy and Body
Mechanics
Anatomy vs Physiology
Anatomy: describes the bodily
“structure” of humans, animals, and
other living organisms. Ie. The heart
and its parts
Physiology: describes “how the body
works”. Ie. How the heart functions.
Anatomical Position
Common starting point form which we
can view, describe, and analyze body
parts and body movements
Person is standing erect; head, toes,
eyes pointing forward
Feet are together and arms are slightly
out to the side
Palms of the hands are facing forward
Anatomical Position
Describing Positions and
Relationships
Anterior: front of body
Posterior: back of body
Superior: above or toward your head
Inferior: below or toward your feet
Describing Positions and
Relationships con’t
Medial: closer to the midline
Lateral: further from the midline
Proximal: portions of limbs closer to the
body
Distal: portions of limbs further from the
body
Anatomical Positions
Mobility
Musculoskeletal system
Muscles
 Skeleton
 Provides the framework for the body and
allows it to move
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Bones
There are 206 bones in the body
5 types of bones
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Long bones – weight bearing (leg bones)
Short bones – allow skill and ease of movement
(wrist, fingers, ankles, toes)
Flat bones – protect organs (ribs, skull, pelvic
bones, and shoulder blades)
Irregular bones – allow various degrees of
movement and flexibility
Sesamoid bones: small, flat bones wrapped in
tendons (patella)
Role of the Skeleton
Support and Movement – frame to which
our muscles and organs attach
Protection – it is our body’s armour. (ie.
Skull protects your brain)
Blood Cell Factory – our bone marrow
creates our blood cells
Warehouse – bones store minerals such as
calcium and phosphate which are essential
for bone formation
Anatomy of a Long Bone
In the bones we find such things as a:
A Medullary cavity – contains bone marrow
(Where white blood cells are manufactured)
Cartilage – protects end of long bones within
joints
Periosteum – connective tissue that covers
the entire length of the bone. Ligaments and
tendons connect to bone through this lining
Anatomy of a Long Bone
Joints
The point at which two or more bones
meet allowing for movement
Ball and socket joints allow for movement
in all directions (ie. hip, shoulder)
 Hinge joints allow for movement in one
direction (ie. fingers)
 Pivot joints allow turning from side to side
(ie. head and neck)
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Muscles
More than 500 muscles in the body
Voluntary
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can be consciously controlled
Attached to bone = voluntary
Ie. Biceps, quadriceps, etc.
Involuntary
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Work automatically
Cannot be consciously controlled
Ie. Cardiac (heart) muscles
Muscles (2)
Contraction of muscles burns food for
energy
Results in a production of heat
 The greater the muscular activity, the
greater amount of heat that is produced
 Shivering – a type of rapid muscle
contraction by which the body produces
heat when exposed to cold
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Ligaments and Tendons
Ligaments connect bone to bone. (ie.
ACL in your knee)
Tendons connect bone to muscle (ie.
achilles tendon)
Nervous System
Controls, directs, and coordinates body
function
Controls sensation (touch, smell, hearing,
sight)
Two main divisions
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Central (CNS) – brain and spinal cord
Peripheral (PNS) – nerves that go to rest of body
Nerves conduct impulses between the brain
and the rest of the body
Nerves can be easily damaged and they take
a long time to heal
Body Mechanics
Refers to movement of body in an efficient
and careful manner
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Involves good posture, balance, and using largest
and strongest muscles
Important for avoidance of fatigue, muscle
strain, and injury
Note: The further an external weight is from
your body, the greater the strain is on your
body.