Transcript Class #4 Hig and Thigh

Muscles & Bones
Class #4
Gluteal Compartment/ Lateral Compartment:
Hip Compartment:
Femoral Triangle:
Medial Thigh Compartment
Nerve: Obturator Nerve (adductor muscles)
Pes Anserinus (the proximal anteriomedial tibia)
The common insertion for three thigh muscles
Anterior- Sartorious
Medial- Gracilis
Posterior- Semitendinosus
Gluteal Compartment/Posterior
Thigh Compartment
The gluteal group: ( Gluteas= greek for rump)
1: Gluteus Maximus
O: Post. Sacrum & Sup. Gluteal line of ilium
I: Gluteal Tuberosity of femur; combines with tensor
fasciae latae in Iliotibial band (which continues on to
attach to lateral condyle of tibia)
A: Ext. of femur @ hip ; lateral rot. Of femur @ hip
Gluteal Group
• Gluteus Medius
O: iliac crest; between sup. And middle
gluteal lines.
I: (lat. Surface) greater trochanter of femur
A: abduction of femur at hip
medial rotation of femur at hip
Gluteal group
• Gluteus Minimus
O: post. Ilium, between middle and inf.
Gluteal lines
I: anterior surface of greater trochanter
A: abduction of femur at hip joint
medial rotation of femur at hip
Lateral Hip Muscles
Abduction of the Hip
• Gluteus maximus
• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus
• TFL
• Sartorius
Lateral Thigh
• Tensor Fasciae Latae
Tensor=one that stretches; fasciae=bands; latae=wide
O: ASIS
I: iliotibial band (combines with gluteus maximus)
which continues on to attach to the lateral condyle
of the tibia
A: assists with abduction
medial rotation
(flexion of femur at the hip joint)
(assists with ext. of leg at knee)
IT band helps stabilize knee during ambulation.
Lateral/External Rotators of the
Hip
• Biceps femoris
• Gluteus maximus
• Gluteus medius (post. fibers)
• Sartorius
• Piriformis
• Gamellus superior
• Obtruator internus
• Gamellus inferior
• Obtruator externus
• Quadratus Femoris
• Psoas major
• Iliacus
Lateral Thigh
• Deep 6 lateral rotators (pg322)
“Piriformis and the GOGO Q’s”
Piriformis = means pear shaped
O: ant. Sacrum
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: lateral rotation of femur at hip joint
Lateral Thigh
• GO GO Q’s
• Gemellus Superior O: ischium I: greater trochanter
• Obturator Internus O: obturator foramen I: greater
trochanter
• Gemellus Inferior O: ischium I: greater trochanter
• Obturator Externus O: obturator foramen I:
trochanteric fossa
• Quadratus Femoris O: ischial tuberosity (lat.
Border) I: intertrochanteric crest
Lateral Thigh
• Piriformis Syndrome:
A condition in which the piriformis muscle
tightens causing compression on the sciatic
nerve, mimicking sciatica. This pain will be
noticed along the posterior thigh region, and
can radiate to the posterior knee.
Hip Flexors
• Psoas Major and Iliacus (Iliopsoas)
Psoas major and iliacus usually referred to as
“iliopsoas” because of their common insertion and
action.
Deep abdominal muscle- known to butcher as
“tenderloin” or “filet mignon”
O: psoas-lumbar vertebrae T12-L5
Iliacus- iliac fossa
I: lessor trochanter of femur
A: Flex. And Lat. Rot. Of femur at hip joint if thigh
is fixed, flex. Of trunk at hip joint.
Bones of the foot pg 83
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Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiform I, II, III
Metatarsals 1-5 (medial to lateral)
Phalanges: proximal, middle, distal (great toe has
no middle, only proximal and distal.
• Tarsals: calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid,
cuneiform I,II,III
Anterior Leg Muscles
Dorsiflexion of the Foot
• Tibialis ant.
• Extensor digitorum longus
• Extensor hallicus longus
Anterior Leg Muscles
• Tibialis anterior
O: lateral shaft of tibia (lat. Condyle,
interossous membrane)
I: base of 1st metatarsal (plantar surface)
base of 1st cuneiform (plantar surface)
A: dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint
inversion (of foot at tarsal joints)
Ant. Leg muscles
• Extensor digitorum longus
O: lat. Condyle of tibia, proximal ant. Shaft of
fibula
I: middle and distal phalanges of 4 lat. Toes
(front of leg to phalanges)
A: ext. of 4 lat. Toes
assists dorsiflexion of ankle
Ant. Leg muscles
• Extensor hallucis longus
O: middle ant. Shaft of fibula, interosseous
membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of great toe
(front of leg to great toe)
A: ext. of great toe
assists dorsiflexion of ankle
Ant. Leg muscles
• Peroneus Tertius
O: ant. Distal fibula (with extensor Digitorum
longus)
I: base of 5th metatarsal
A: eversion of foot
assists dorsiflexion
Lateral Leg Muscles
Eversion of the Foot
• Peroneus longus
• Peroneus brevis
• Extensor digitorum longus
Lateral leg muscles
• Peroneus Longus
O: head of proximal lateral shaft of fibula
I: base of 1st metatarsal (lat. Side); plantar surface of
1st cuneiform
A: eversion of foot at tarsal joints
assists plantar flexion of ankle
Peroneus longus and Tibialis anterior meet up at
insertion points– forms a stirrup for the foot.
Lat. Leg muscles
• Peroneus Brevis
O: lat. Shaft of fibula (distal 2/3)
I: base of 5th metatarsal
A: eversion of foot
assists plantar flexion of ankle
Posterior Leg Muscles
Plantarflexion of the Foot
• Gastroncnemius
• Soleus
• Tibialis post.
• Peroneus longus (assists)
• Peroneus brevis (assists)
• Flexor digitorum longus
• Flexor hallicus longus
• Plantaris
Posterior Leg Muscles
• Gastrocnemius
O: med. And lat. Condyles of femur
I: calcaneus via achilles tendon
A: plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint
Can act on knee or ankle, but not
simultaneously
Post. Leg muscles
• Soleus
Soleus is latin for sole, a flat fish…it’s a flat
broad muscle.
O: soleal line of tibia, post. Head and upper
shaft of fibula
I: calcaneus via achilles tendon
A: plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint
Soleus is the strongest plantar flexor
Post. Leg muscles
Gastronemius and soleus together form the
“triceps surae”
Plantaris
O: lateral epicondyle of femur
I: calcaneus via achilles tendon
A: assists plantar flexion of foot at ankle
Post. Leg muscles
• Popliteus
Initiates knee flexion by medial rotation of tibia to
“unlock” the extended knee
“the key that unlocks the knee”
Tibialis Posterior
O: post. Tibia, post. Fibula, interosseous membran.
I: navicular and adjacent metatarsals on plantar
surface (back of leg to navicular & metatarsals)
A: inversion of foot
assists plantarflexion of ankle
Post. Leg muscles
• Flexor Digitorum longus
O: post. Tibia
I: distal phalanges of 4 lat. Toes on plantar
surface (back of leg to 4 lat. Toes)
A: flexion of 4 lat. Toes
assists plantar flexion of ankle
Post. Leg muscles
• Flexor Hallucis longus
O: post. Fibula
I: distal phalanx of great toe (plantar surface)
(back of leg to great toe)
A: flexion of great toe, assists plantarflexion
of ankle
Post. Leg muscles
“Tom, Dick and Harry”
Tibialis posterior
Flexor Digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis longus
deep post. Calf muscles whose tendons
go around medial malleolus in this order of
ant. Superficial to post. Deep.