Transcript Lecture 3 - Fredonia.edu

Respiratory Anatomy
1/27/00
Anatomical Planes
Coronal
Superior
Sagittal
Transverse
Inferior
Respiratory System
• Respiration: exchange of gas between an
organism & its environment.
• Inspiration: Inhalation; drawing air into the
lungs
• Expiration: The expulsion of air from the
lungs
• Alveoli: Minute air sacs within the lung
tissue
Airway
Nasal Cavity
Oral Cavity
Larynx
Lungs
Diaphragm
Respiratory System
• What is included in the respiratory
system used for speech?
–Rib cage
–Diaphragm
–Abdomen
–Contents of RC & AB
Appendicular
Skeleton
-Upper &
Lower Extremities
Support of Respiration
Axial Skeleton
-Trunk & head
Support of Respiration
• Bony Thorax
– Vertebrae & Vertebral Column
– Pectoral Girdle
– Ribs & Attachments to Vertebral Column
• scapula & clavicle
– Sternum
– Pelvic Girdle
•
•
•
•
ischium
pubic bone
sacrum
ilium
Vertebral Column
C1-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
Cervical
Vertebrae
Thoracic
Vertebrae
Lumbar
Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
Pelvic Girdle
Illiac Crest
Ilium
Sacrum
Pubis
Coccyx
Pubic
Symphysis
Ischium
Pectoral Girdle
Clavicle
Sternum
Scapula
Ribs & Ribcage
True Ribs
Thorax
Sternum
False Ribs
Costal
Cartilage
Floating Ribs
Ribs & Rib Cage
• Thorax: 12 pair of ribs
• Rib Components:
– Head (articulating surface)
– Neck
– Angle (curve)
– Shaft (largest; anterior)
• Rib Cage:
– provides attachments (muscles)
• muscles provide: Strength, rigidity, continuity, & mobility
Ribs
• Three general classes:
– True ribs- upper ribs (1-7), attach to sternum,
cartilaginous attachment
– False ribs- (8,9,10), attach to sternum via cartilage
running superior
– Floating ribs- (11,12), articulate with vertebral column
only.
• Characteristics:
– cartilage (chondral) attachment can be torqued
• strength and movement
Thoracic Expansion
Vertical
Transverse
Anteroposterior
Lateral/ Anteroposterior Thoracic Expansion
Diaphragm
Aponeurosis
Muscle
Relaxed
Expanded
Diaphragm/ Abdominal Movement
Diaphragm
Abdominal
Wall
Pelvis
Pelvis
Inhalation
Exhalation
Respiratory System:
Components
Chest Wall
Rib Cage
Mediastinum
Diaphragm
Viscera
Abdominal
Wall
Pulmonary System
Left
Bronchus
Trachea
Alveolar
Air Sacs
Right
Bronchus
Relative Sizes of:
A. RiB Cage
Without Lungs
attached
B. Rib Cage with
Lungs Attached
C. Lungs Without
Rib cage Attached
Partial Vacuum
Pulmonary System
• Trachea:
– Flexible tube
– 11 cm in length, 16-20 hyaline cartilage
rings
– Rings are 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter (smooth
muscle)
– Divides at Carina Trachea & becomes
mainstream bronchi (bronchial tubes)
• Serve right and left lung
Bronchi Structure
Trachea
Mainstem
Bronchi
Alveoli
Carina
Alveoli/ Capillary Bed
Alveoli
Terminal
Bronchiole
Capillary
Bed
Alveolar
Duct
Alveolus