Transcript Awesome Anatomy Introductions

Awesome Anatomy
Introductions
I. Introduction

Anatomy:
 The study of
structure and shape
of body and it’s parts
Micro: Cell,
Histology (tissue)
Gross: Surface,
Regions, Systems
I. Introduction (cont.)

Physiology:
 The study of how the body and it’s parts work or function.
 Cell Physiology
 System Physiology
 Pathological Physiology
 Structure Determines Function!
II. Levels of Organization

Atoms/Molecules:


Building Blocks of matter
Cells:

Basic Unit of Structure and Function of all
Living things.
II. Levels of Organization

Tissues:


A group of the same cells working together
Organs:

Two or more tissues working together
II. Levels of Organization

Organ Systems:


A group of organs working together
Organism:
A group of organ systems
 Any living thing!

III. Necessary Life functions

Maintaining Boundaries


Movement


Getting from one place to another
Digestion


Keeps stuff in and/or out
Breaks down food for energy
Excretion

Getting rid of cellular waste
III. Necessary Life Functions

Growth


Reproduction


Makes more of itself
Metabolism


Increase in number of cells
All chemical reactions in the body
Responsiveness (irritability)

Sense changes and react
V. Homeostasis


The body’s ability to maintain relatively stable
conditions despite constant environmental
changes!
When homeostasis is off--you are sick (or dead).
IV. Survival Needs



Nutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats,
Vitamins/Minerals
Oxygen: Needed to make energy
Water: 60-80% of body
IV. Survival Needs


Body Temperature: Needed for chemical
reactions (muscles make heat)
Atmospheric Pressure: Needed for
breathing and oxygen exchange (think
about high altitudes)
VI. Language of Anatomy

A. Anatomical
Position




Body Erect
Feet Together
Arms hang at side
Palms facing
FORWARD!
B. Directional Terms

Used to tell where one structure is in
relation to another (Table 1.1)
B. Directional Terms

Superior:


ABOVE
Inferior:

BELOW
B. Directional Terms

Anterior


In FRONT OF
Posterior

BEHIND
B. Directional Terms

Medial


Toward the MIDDLE
Lateral

Toward the SIDES
B. Directional Terms

Proximal


Closer to the point of
attachment
Distal

Farther from the point
of attachment
ONLY APPLIES TO
ARMS AND LEGS!!
B. Directional Terms

Superficial


Toward the surface
Deep

Toward the inside of
the body
C. Body Landmarks

Visible Landmarks on
the body for reference

Anterior: Front Side
Posterior: Back Side

D. Body Planes


Medial Section
(Sagittal)
Cuts into left and right
sections
D. Body Planes


Frontal (Coronal)
Cuts body into front
and back sections
D. Body Planes

Transverse
(also called cross
section)
All Body Planes
E. Body Cavities

Dorsal



Cranial: brain
Spinal: spinal cord
Ventral


Thoracic: lungs and
heart
Abdominopelvic: Most
other organs-Digestive, Repro,
Urinary