Transcript Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Anatomical Terminology Anatomical Position • The human body is standing erect with the face forward and with the upper limbs at the side with the palms forward Relative Position • Terms that are used to describe the location of one body part with respect to another body part Relative Position • Superior – The part is above the other part (closer to the head) Relative Position • Inferior – The part is below the other part (closer to the feet) Relative Position • Anterior (or ventral) – The part is toward the front Relative Position • Posterior (or dorsal) – The part is towards the back Relative Position • Medial – The part is closer to the mid-line of the body than the other part Relative Position • Lateral – The part is closer to the sides (away from the midline) than the other part • Ipsilateral – The parts are on the same side • Contralateral – The parts are on the opposite sides Relative Position • Proximal – The part is closer to the trunk of the body or closer to a specified point of reference than the other part Relative Position • Distal – The part is farther from the trunk or point of reference than the other part Relative Position • Superficial (or peripheral) – The part is near the surface Relative Position • Deep – The part is more internal Body Sections • Sections of body “cut” along various planes Body Sections • Sagittal – Cut lengthwise so as to divide the body into right and left portions – Median (midsagittal) • Cut passes along the midline and divides the body into equal parts – Parasaggital • Cut passes lateral to the midline Body Sections • Transverse (or horizontal) – Cut divides the body into superior and inferior portions Body Sections • Coronal – Cut divides the body into anterior and posterior sections Body Sections • If a cylindrical organ is sectioned… • Cross section – Cut across the structure • Oblique section – Cut is angular • Longitudinal section – Cut is lengthwise Body Regions • Terms for division of the abdominal area: – Epigastric region • Upper middle portion – Left and right hypochondriac regions • On the left and right side of the epigastric region – Umbilical region • Central portion – Hypogastric region • Lower middle portion – Left and right iliac (or inguinal) regions • On the left and right side of the hypogastric region Body Regions • Terms for division of the abdominal area: – Right upper quadrant – Right lower quadrant – Left upper quadrant – Left lower quadrant Body Regions • Common Terms: – Abdominal • Region between the thorax and pelvis – Acromial • Point of the shoulder – Antebrachial • Forearm – Antecubital • Space in front of the elbow – Axillary • Armpit Body Regions • Common Terms: – Brachial • Arm – Buccal • Cheek – Carpal • Wrist – Celiac • Abdomen – Cephalic • head Body Regions • Common Terms – Cervical • Neck – Costal • Ribs – Coxal • Hip – Crural • Leg – Cubital • Elbow Body Regions • Common Terms – Digital • Finger or toe – Dorsum • Back – Femoral • Thigh – Frontal • Forehead – Genital • Reproductive organs – Gluteal • buttocks Body Regions • Common Terms: – Inguinal • Depressed area of the abdominal wall near the thigh (groin) – Lumbar • Region of the lower back between the ribs and the pelvis – Mammary • Breast – Mental • Chin – Nasal • nose Body Regions • Common Terms: – Occipital • Lower posterior region of the head – Oral • Mouth – Orbital • Eye cavity – Otic • Ear Body Regions • Common Terms: – Palmar • Palm of the hand – Patellar • Front of the knee – Pectoral • Chest – Pedal • Foot – Pelvic • Pelvis – Perineal • Region between the anus and the external reproductive organs (perineum) Body Regions • Common Terms – Plantar • Sole of the foot – Popliteal • Area behind the knee – Sacral • Posterior region between the hipbones – Sternal • Middle of the thorax, anteriorly – Sural • Calf Body Regions • Common Terms – Tarsal • Instep of the foot – Umbilical • Navel – Vertebral • Spinal column