Transcript Cranium, Thorax and Spine

Cranium, Thorax and Spine
Cranium & Skull
The difference?
 The Skull are all the bones of the
head (including jawbone)
 The Cranium are all the bones of
the head (excluding jawbone).
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The Skull has 22 total bones
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8 Cranial bones
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14 Facial bones
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The ones that enclose the brain
The ones that make up the face
All the bones of the skull are fused
together
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They are called suture jts.
Except for the jaw (mandible)
which has a movable jt.
Vocabulary
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To rue (v)- to regret (normally used with “the
day” after it).
To laud (v)- to praise someone
To deride (v)- to ridicule; make fun of
To abate (v) – to lessen the intensity
To glower (v)- to scowl; to meanly stare at
someone.
To gesticulate (v)- to overuse gestures while
speaking
To glean (v)- to collect information bit by bit.
Cranium
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There are 8 bones that protect
the brain
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Parietal Bone (Left and Right)
They are the largest of the
cranial bones
 They are the most superior
and posterior
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Temporal Bone (Left and
Right)
It is the most lateral
It is the bone that houses the
ear cavity
 It is the bone that the jaw
bone (mandible) articulates
with
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Occipital Bone
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It is the most posterior
It articulates with the cervical
spine
Cranium (cont)
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Frontal Bone (forehead) (1)
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Sphenoid Bone (1)
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It is the most anterior
It sits on the base (or bottom) of
the skull
The Ethmoid bone (1)
 It is a a facial bone but part of
it punctures its way through
the frontal bone.
The Base of the skull is made
up of the
Occipital bone (posterior)
Temporal and sphenoid
(middle)
 Frontal (anterior)
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Sphenoid bone
Fontanelle Squishy opening of cranium in babies
before bones fuse together.
Facial Bones (14)
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The facial bones do not hold the brain.
 Maxilla bone
 It is your upper lip bone and
around your nose
 Your upper teeth are attached to
them
 Mandible bone
 Jaw bone
 Your lower teeth are attached to
them
 It articulates c the temporal bone
at the TMJ (temporo-mandibular
jt)
 Zygoma bone (aka Buccal bone)
 It is your cheek bone
 Nasal Bone
 Small bone at the bridge of nose
 The Rest of nose is cartilage
Facial Bones (14)
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Other Facial Bones
 Ethmoid bone
 Bone of your nasal cavity and
eye socket
 Part of it pierces through
frontal bone to anchor the
brain.
 Palatine (2)
 bone that makes up the back
top of your mouth
 Lacrimal (2) “tear” bone
 Bone of your inner eye
 Vomer
 Inferior Nasal Concha
 Part of nasal cavity
 It has a bunch of tunnels
whose job is to warm up air
to 1 degree of room
temperature.
Identify parts of the skull
Sinuses
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Four sets of air-filled
cavities in cranium
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Maxillary Sinus (2)
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Ethmoid (2)
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They are behind the
ethmoid sinuses
Frontal (1)
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They are behind the nose
Sphenoid (2)
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One behind each cheek
It is in the forehead
Purpose of sinuses
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To lessen the weight of the
facial bones.
Cranium
The Orbit and
Socket
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The orbit is the opening of the eye
socket.
The socket of the remainder of the
cavity which holds the eyeball.
Orbit/Socket is made up of 8 bones
Zygoma on the inferior
 Frontal on the superior
 Sphenoid/Ethmoid on the posterior
 Lacrimal on the medial
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Holds lacrimal ducts to allow us to
cry
Blow out fx
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Fx to zygoma; eyeball falls into
maxillary sinus or falls out of orbit.
Suture Lines
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Suture Lines are the borders between
cranial bones
Sagittal suture
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Coronal suture
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Separates parietal and temporal bones.
The Bregma
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Separates parietal and occipital bones.
Squamosal suture
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Separates parietal and frontal bones
Lamboidal suture
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Separates the two parietal bones on top of
head
The point on the top of your head where the
coronal suture meets the sagittal suture
The Lambda
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The point of the back of the head where the
sagittal suture meets the squamosal suture.
bregma
lambda
Spine
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Otherwise known as The
Vertebrae or Spinal
Column
It is 24 individual
vertebrae with
intervertebral discs
between each one
 Cervical (7)-Neck
 Thoracic (12)- Chest
 Lumbar (5) – Lower Back
Spine also includes
 Sacrum (1)-Pelvis
 Coccyx (1)-Tailbone
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Vertebrae
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All vertebrae are made up of 2 parts
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Body- Main part of spine in which the discs sit on
Arch- Posterior part that encloses the spinal cord
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Spinous Process- part of vertebrae you can touch
Zygapophyseal Joint- Joint b/t two vertebrae on the arch.
Discs
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Between each of the 24
vertebrae are cushy discs
above and below it
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Made of cartilage
Serves as shock absorber
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Compression fractures
Sometimes disc will rupture
or herniate
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Pain due to disc touching the
spinal cord or other nerves
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Also called sciatica
Cervical Spine “C-spine”
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7 Neck bones
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Cervical 1-Cervical 7 (C1-C7)
Articulate with occipital bone of
cranium
C1 is called the Atlas
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Where C1 articulates with the
occipital bone, it is called the
Atlanto-occipital joint
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C2 is called the Axis
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Allows us to nod
C1-C2 joint allows us to turn our
heads
C-spine vertebrae are the
smallest, weakest of all
vertebrae
Thoracic Spine “T-spine”
There are 12 thoracic
vertebrae
 Each T-spine
vertebrae articulates
with a pair of ribs
 It makes up the
posterior section of
the thorax
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Lumbar Spine “L-spine”
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L-spine are the5 lower
back vertebrae
Biggest, strongest of
all vertebrae
 Must likely part of
spine to have a
rupture disc
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Sacrum and Coccyx
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Most inferior part of
spine (vertebrae)
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Sacrum- 5 vertebrae
fused together
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It Forms posterior
section of pelvic cavity
Coccyx – 4 vertebrae
fused together
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Otherwise known as
tailbone
Pelvis Bones
Pelvis onnects the spine to the legs
 Holds the organs of the guts
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Made up of three bones that fuse
together at your age
 The Ilium-Top aspect
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Iliac crest
 Most suporior part of bone you
can touch
The Pubic- bone of genital area
The Ischium- bone of butt area
 Acetabulum-Cavity that femur fits into
 Pubic Symphisis- Cartilage in the pubic
region that connects the left and right
sides of pelvis
 The pelvis articulates with the Sacrum
on the posterior side.
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They are called the SI joints (sacroiliac
jts)
Open Book Fx- Pubic bones are
separated and pelvis looks like an
open book.
Thorax
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The Thorax (or thoracic cage) consists of which bones?
 Sternum
 12 Thoracic Vertebrae
 Ribs
 Which connect vertebrae to sternum
Sternum (Breastbone)
Protects the heart
 Made up of 3 sections
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Manubrium
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Body
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Part of sternum that
articulates with collar
bone (clavicle)
Most ribs connect here
Xiphoid Process
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Bony tip at end
Ribs
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12 pairs of ribs (24 total ribs)
Articulate with T-spine in the back and
sternum in the front
12 T-spine vertebrae=12 ribs
3 sections
 Ribs 1-7 are True Ribs
 They connect directly with
sternum
 Ribs 8-10 are False Ribs
 They don’t connect directly with
sternum
 They connect through the rib
cartilage
 Ribs 11-12 are Floating Ribs
 They don’t connect to sternum at
all
 They are short and stubby
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Note: most ribs do not touch the
sternum directly. It is their cartilage
that touches.
CARTILAGE
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Vertebral discs
Pubic Symphisis
Rib Cartilage
Nose and Ears
Ends of all bones
Abbreviations
a= before
 p= after
 RR= Respiratory Rate
 UA= Urine Analysis
 c/o= complaints of
 r/o= rule out
 Dx= diagnosis
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Total Bones
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27 hand bones X 2=
54
26 feet bones X 2=
52
22 Cranial bones
22
10 Upper Extremity bones
10
8 Lower Extremity bones
8
24 vertebrae
24
5 fused Sacrum, 4 fused Coccyx 9
24 ribs + Sternum
25
Fused pelvis
2= 206!!
Quiz
Know major bones of cranium and facial
bones. What is the orbit?
 How many C-spine, T-spine, L-spine
vertebrae? Atlas, Axis, which does what?
 The 3 Parts of pelvis and sternum
 The 3 rib sections (true, false, floating)
 2 parts of a vertebrae
 Bonus: Name the minor facial bones
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