Transcript Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb

Group 4
Rachel Gagliardo, Zack Wilks,Viditya Voletti
PECTORAL GIRDLE AND UPPER LIMB
APPENDICULAR DIVISION

Includes the bones of the upper and lower
limbs and the supporting bones of the
pectoral and pelvic girdles that connect the
limbs to the trunk
PECTORAL GRIDLE

Each upper arm articulates with the trunk at
the pectoral girdle, also known as the shoulder
girdle.
PECTORAL GIRDLE CONTINUED
Consists of
1.
Two broad, flat Scapulae(shoulder blades)(Scapula is the
singular form) This is a site for muscle attachment
2.
Two Slender, curved clavicles(collar bones) Another site for
muscle attachment
ADDITIONAL NOTES


Movements of the clavicle and scapula position the shoulder
joint and provide a base for arm movement
Once the shoulder joint is in position, muscles that originate in
the pectoral girdle help move the arm
CLAVICLE
“S-Shaped Clavicle” articulates with the manubrium of the sternum
at its sterna end and with the acromion
Functions
1. Provides support the arm and shoulder
2. Shock Absorber
3. Protects important blood vessels and nerves that pass below the
bone
 Small and Fragile that is why it is very common to have injuries to the
clavicle
 Smooth surface is beneath the skin
 The rough inferior surface of acromial end is marked by prominent
lines and tubercles, this is the site for muscle and ligaments
attachment

CLAVICLE LANDMARKS


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Sternum End- This end of the clavicle (collar bone) articulates
with the sternum.
Body of the Clavicle- The body of the clavicle (collar bone)
provides attachment for muscles
Acromial End- This end of the clavicle (collar bone) articulates
with the acromion process of the scapula.
CLAVICLE LABELING GAME

https://homes.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/wat
ers/tutorial_project/cat_frames_maps/skeletal
/setup_html/clavicleindex.html
CLAVICLE LANDMARKS QUICK QUIZ
 Name
the three parts of the clavicle
CLAVICLE LANDMARKS QUICK QUIZ ANSWERS
1. Sternal End
 Body
 Acromial End

SCAPULA
What is the Scapula?

Is the bone that connects the humerus(upper arm bone) with the
clavicle(collar bone)
SCAPULA BORDERS
3 types of borders- all site for muscle attachment
1. Superior Border
2. Lateral Border
3. Medial Border
SCAPULA FOSSA’S
Fossa- a shallow depression
1. Subscapular Fossa- This large depression on the anterior side
of the scapula
2. Infraspinous Fossa- This area on the posterior surface of the
scapula, just below the spinous process
**Hint: Infra means below the infraspinous fossa is below the subscapular fossa**
SCAPULA PROCESSES
Process- projection or bump
Acromion Process- This projection from the end of the scapular spine provides
the attachment point for the clavicle.
Coracoid Process- This projection on the scapula is smaller than the acromion
process.
OTHER IMPORTANT LANDMARKS ON THE
SCAPULA
Glenoid Cavity- This fossa on the lateral side of
the fossa articulates with the head of the
humerus.
 Neck of the Scapula- This region supports the
head of the scapula.

LABEL THE SCAPULA GAME
https://homes.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/waters/tut
orial_project/cat_frames_maps/skeletal/setup_html/
scapulaindex.html
UPPER LIMB
Bones apart of the upper limb
1. Arm
2. Forearm
3. Wrist
4. Hand
Side note: the term “arm” only refers to the
proximal portion of the upper limb(shoulder to
the elbow)
HUMERUS
Tubercle- small rounded projection
Greater Tubercle- This bony process at the top of the humerus provides for muscle attachment
Lesser Tubercle- This bony process near the top of the humerus is smaller than the nearby greater
tubercle.
Intertubercular Groove- This depression is seen at the front of the humerus between the greater and
lesser tubercles.
Shaft- long part of the humerus
Neck- narrow connection between epipysis and diaphysis
Anatomical Neck- This region is found just distal (behind) the head of the humerus
Head of the humerus- This rounded structure articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the
shoulder joint.
Trochlea- smooth, grooved articular process(pulley)
Trochlea- This spool shaped surface articulates with the semilunar notch of the ulna.
Fossa- a shallow depression
Coronoid Fossa- This depression at the front of the humerus makes room for the coronoid process of the
ulna when the elbow is flexed.
HUMERUS LANDMARK GAME

https://homes.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/wat
ers/tutorial_project/cat_frames_maps/skeletal
/setup_html/humerusindex.html
RADIUS
A

bone of the forearm
Thumb Side
RADIUS LANDMARKS
Head- The circular head of the radius
articulates with the capitulum of the humerus
and the radial notch of the ulna.
 Shaft- long narrow part of the radius
 Radial Tuberosity- This roughened region near
the head of the radius
 Radial Styloid Process- This small projection on
the bottom end (distal portion)

RADIUS LANDMARKS GAME

https://homes.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/wat
ers/tutorial_project/cat_frames_maps/skeletal
/setup_html/radiusindex.html
BONES OF THE WRIST AND HAND
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Wrist, palm, and fingers are supported by 27 bone
Carpal bones are located in the wrist. There are eight of them in two rows
 Proximal Carpal Bones: 1) scaphoid, 2) lunate, 3) triquetreum, 4) pisiform
 Distal Carpal Bones: 1) trapezium, 2) trapezoid, 3) capitate, 4) hamate
 Joints between carpal bones permit limited degree of sliding and twistin
Metacarpal Bones articulate with the distal carpal bones
and form palm of hand
Phalanges (finger bones) articulate with the metacarpal
bones
 14
phalanges bones
3
bones per finger: proximal, middle, distal
 Except thumb (pollex) with 2: proximal, distal
HAND LANDMARKS

Metacarpals- These five bones form the palm of the hand. They are numbered one
through five, laterally to medially (starting on the "thumb side").
HAND LANDMARKS
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Proximal Phalanges- These bones articulate proximally with the
metacarpal bones, and distally with the distal phalanx (thumb
only) or middle phalanges (II-V). Tendons from the extensor
digitorum muscle insert on the proximal, middle, and distal
phalanges (II-V only).
HAND LANDMARKS

Middle Phalanges- These bones are only found on the four
fingers (not the thumb), between the proximal and distal phalanges.
HAND LANDMARKS

Distal Phalanges- These bones articulate proximally with the
proximal phalanx (the thumb only) or middle phalanges (the other four
fingers).
THANK YOU!